python 之 Django框架(APP和ORM的使用)

12.3 APP

12.31 创建APP

一个Django项目可以分为很多个APP，用来隔离不同功能模块的代码

用命令行创建一个APP：

            python3 manage.py startapp app01

创建好APP,记得告诉Django，app的名字，在settings.py中添加：

            INSTALLED_APPS =
            
               [
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.admin
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.auth
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.contenttypes
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.sessions
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.messages
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              django.contrib.staticfiles
            
            
              '
            
            
              ,
    
            
            
              '
            
            
              app01
            
            
              '
            
            ,
            
              #
            
            
              或者'app01.apps.App01Config',
            
            
]

12.32 Django中的ORM

Django项目使用MySQL数据库

1.在Django项目的 settings.py 文件中，配置数据库连接信息： 告诉Django连接哪个数据库

            DATABASES =
            
               {
    
            
            
              "
            
            
              default
            
            
              "
            
            
              : {
        
            
            
              "
            
            
              ENGINE
            
            
              "
            
            : 
            
              "
            
            
              django.db.backends.mysql
            
            
              "
            
            
              ,
        
            
            
              "
            
            
              NAME
            
            
              "
            
            : 
            
              "
            
            
              db6
            
            
              "
            
            ,              
            
              #
            
            
               需要自己手动先创建数据库
            
            
              "
            
            
              USER
            
            
              "
            
            : 
            
              "
            
            
              root
            
            
              "
            
            
              ,
        
            
            
              "
            
            
              PASSWORD
            
            
              "
            
            : 
            
              ""
            
            
              ,
        
            
            
              "
            
            
              HOST
            
            
              "
            
            : 
            
              "
            
            
              127.0.0.1
            
            
              "
            
            
              ,
        
            
            
              "
            
            
              PORT
            
            
              "
            
            : 3306
            
              
    }
}

2.Django默认使用的是 MySQLdb模块连接数据库，但 MySQLdb在python3中不支持，所以：

在与 Django项目同名的文件夹的 __init__ .py 文件中写如下代码， 告诉Django使用pymysql模块连接MySQL数据库代替MySQLdb:

            
              import
            
            
               pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

3.在 app/models.py 文件中定义类，一定要继承 models.Model

            
              from
            
             django.db 
            
              import
            
            
               models


            
            
              class
            
            
               User(models.Model):
    id 
            
            = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)  
            
              #
            
            
               自增主键
            
            
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16)   
            
              #
            
            
               varchar(16)
            
            
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=128)   
            
              #
            
            
               varchar(128)
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               出版社    
            
            
              class
            
            
               Publisher(models.Model):
    id 
            
            = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)   
            
              #
            
            
               自增主键
            
            
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16)    
            
              #
            
            
               varchar(16) # 出版社名称
            
            
              
    
            
            
              #
            
            
              def __str__(self):                     #定义__str__是在打印表的对象时可以看到每一行的字段
            
            
              #
            
            
                  return (self.id,self.name)
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               书籍
            
            
              class
            
            
               Book(models.Model):
    id 
            
            = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)        
            
              #
            
            
               自增的主键
            
            
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)        
            
              #
            
            
               书籍名称 varchar(32)
            
            
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to=
            
              "
            
            
              Publisher
            
            
              "
            
            )  
            
              #
            
            
               外键关联Publisher这张表
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               作者
            
            
              class
            
            
               Author(models.Model):
    id 
            
            = models.AutoField(primary_key=
            
              True)
    name 
            
            = models.CharField(max_length=16
            
              )
    books 
            
            = models.ManyToManyField(to=
            
              "
            
            
              Book
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
    
            
            
              #
            
            
               ORM创建多对多字段，会自动在数据库中创建第三张表 id Author_id、Book_id

用命令行执行创建表的操作：

            1. python3 manage.py makemigrations    -->
            
               将models.py的修改登记到小本本上

            
            2. python3 manage.py migrate           --> 将修改翻译成SQL语句，去数据库执行

4.在app/views.py文件中写urls.py中 /publisher_list/ 的对应函数 publisher_list ； /add_publisher/ 的对应函数 add_publisher

urls.py中的对应关系:

            
              from
            
             django.conf.urls 
            
              import
            
            
               url

            
            
              from
            
             django.contrib 
            
              import
            
            
               admin

            
            
              from
            
             app01 
            
              import
            
            
               views


            
            
              #
            
            
               对应关系
            
            
urlpatterns =
            
               [
    url(r
            
            
              '
            
            
              ^admin/
            
            
              '
            
            
              , admin.site.urls),
    url(r
            
            
              '
            
            
              ^login/
            
            
              '
            
            
              , views.login),
    url(r
            
            
              '
            
            
              ^publisher_list/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.publisher_list),       
            
              #
            
            
               展示出版社列表
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^add_publisher/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.add_publisher),        
            
              #
            
            
               添加出版社
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^delete_publisher/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.delete_publisher),  
            
              #
            
            
               删除出版社
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^edit_publisher/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.edit_publisher),      
            
              #
            
            
               编辑出版社
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^book_list/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.book_list),               
            
              #
            
            
               书籍列表
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^add_book/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.add_book),                 
            
              #
            
            
               添加书籍
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^delete_book/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.delete_book             
            
              #
            
            
               删除书籍
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^edit_book/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.edit_book),               
            
              #
            
            
               编辑书籍
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^author_list/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.author_list),            
            
              #
            
            
               作者列表
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^add_author/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.add_author),             
            
              #
            
            
               添加作者
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^delete_author/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.delete_author),       
            
              #
            
            
               删除作者
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^edit_author/
            
            
              '
            
            , views.edit_author),           
            
              #
            
            
               编辑作者
            
            
    url(r
            
              '
            
            
              ^$
            
            
              '
            
            , views.publisher_list)                   
            
              #
            
            
               以上对应关系都找不到，就匹配出版社页面
            
            
]

app/views.py:

12.321 有关出版社的函数逻辑

            
              from
            
             django.shortcuts 
            
              import
            
            
               HttpResponse, render, redirect

            
            
              from
            
             app01 
            
              import
            
            
               models

            
            
              #
            
            
               显示出版社列表
            
            
              def
            
            
               publisher_list(request):
    ret 
            
            = models.Publisher.objects.all()    
            
              #
            
            
               从数据库中取出所有的数据对象列表
            
            
              #
            
            
              print(ret)
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_list.html
            
            
              "
            
            , {
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_list
            
            
              "
            
            
              : ret})


            
            
              #
            
            
              添加出版社函数
            
            
              def
            
             add_publisher(request):     
            
              #
            
            
               根据请求方法的不同，要做不同的事情,add_publisher.html使用POST方法
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            :
            
              #
            
            
              request.method获取的是请求的方法(GET、POST...必须是大写)
            
            
              #
            
            
              request.POST(字典)获取POST提交过来的全部数据
            
            
        new_publisher_name = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_name
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
        models.Publisher.objects.create(name
            
            =new_publisher_name)
            
              #
            
            
              创建对象并封装属性(插入一行数据)
            
            
              #
            
            
              或者自己用类实例化一个对象:obj=models.Publisher(name=new_publisher_name) obj.save()
            
            
              #
            
            
              让用户跳转到publisher_list.html，显示新增数据后的publisher_list.html页面
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /publisher_list/
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
    
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              add_publisher.html
            
            
              "
            
            
              )


            
            
              #
            
            
               删除出版社函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               delete_publisher(request):
    
            
            
              #
            
            
              print(request.method)
            
            
              #
            
            
              print(request.GET)
            
            
    delete_id = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )              
            
              #
            
            
              拿到用户要删除的出版社的id值
            
            
              #
            
            
              print(delete_id)
            
            
    obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=delete_id)
            
              #
            
            
              根据id值得到对象
            
            
    obj.delete()                                 
            
              #
            
            
              将数据删除
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /publisher_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )            
            
              #
            
            
              让用户重新访问publisher_list.html更新页面
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               编辑出版社的函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               edit_publisher(request):
 
            
            
              #
            
            
              edit_id = request.GET.get("id")如果用户提交使用URL拼接id，那么从URL里面取id参数request.GET.get("id")
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            :    
            
              #
            
            
              如果是post请求，表示用户已经编辑好了，向服务端提交修改后的新数据
            
            
        edit_id = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              edit_id
            
            
              "
            
            )  
            
              #
            
            
               拿到已经修改的出版社id
            
            
        new_name = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              name
            
            
              "
            
            )    
            
              #
            
            
               拿到修改之后的出版社的名字
            
            
        edit_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id)
            
              #
            
            
              通过id找到数据行对象
            
            
        edit_obj.name =
            
               new_name
        edit_obj.save()                      
            
            
              #
            
            
              保存修改，提交数据库
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /publisher_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )    
            
              #
            
            
               修改成功，让用户跳转到出版社列表页面，更新页面
            
            
              
    
            
            
              #
            
            
              如果不是post请求，则返回edit_publisher.html页面给用户修改出版社
            
            
    edit_id = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )                
            
              #
            
            
              先获取编辑的出版社的ID值
            
            
    obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id)  
            
              #
            
            
              根据id值去数据库找对应的行数据对象
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              edit_publisher.html
            
            
              "
            
            , {
            
              "
            
            
              publisher
            
            
              "
            
            : obj})
            
              #
            
            
              将数据想要编辑的出版社显示出来，等待用户编辑

templates/publisher_list.html:

              
                <
              
              
                body
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                table 
              
              
                border
              
              
                ="1"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                thead
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                tr
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                th
              
              
                >
              
              #
              
                
                  th
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  th
                
                
                  >
                
                出版社名称
                
                  
                    th
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      tr
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      
                        thead
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        tbody
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
    {% for publisher in publisher_list %}
    
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        tr
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        td
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      {{ publisher.id }}
                      
                        
                          td
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                               #{{ forloop.counter }计数表格中的数据条数，从而删除后更新id
        
                        
                        
                          <
                        
                        
                          td
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        {{ publisher.name }}
                        
                          
                            td
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            td 
                          
                          
                            class
                          
                          
                            ="text-center"
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            a 
                          
                          
                            class
                          
                          
                            ="btn btn-info btn-sm"
                          
                          
                             href
                          
                          
                            ="/edit_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}"
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            i 
                          
                          
                            class
                          
                          
                            ="fa fa-pencil fa-fw"
                          
                          
                             aria-hidden
                          
                          
                            ="true"
                          
                          
                            >
                            
                              i
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                             编辑 
                            
                              
                                a
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                <
                              
                              
                                a 
                              
                              
                                class
                              
                              
                                ="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
                              
                              
                                 href
                              
                              
                                ="/delete_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}"
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                <
                              
                              
                                i 
                              
                              
                                class
                              
                              
                                ="fa fa-trash-o fa-fw"
                              
                              
                                 aria-hidden
                              
                              
                                ="true"
                              
                              
                                >
                                
                                  i
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                删除 
                                
                                  
                                    a
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                      td
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      
                                        tr
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        
    {% endfor %}
    
                                      
                                      
                                        
                                          tbody
                                        
                                        
                                          >
                                        
                                        
                                          
                                            table
                                          
                                          
                                            >
                                          
                                          
                                            
                                              body
                                            
                                            
                                              >

View Code

templates/add_publisher.html:

              
                <
              
              
                body
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                h1
              
              
                >
              
              添加新的出版社
              
                
                  h1
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  form 
                
                
                  action
                
                
                  ="/add_publisher/"
                
                
                   method
                
                
                  ="post"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="publisher_name"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="submit"
                
                
                   value
                
                
                  ="提交"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  
                    form
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      body
                    
                    
                      >

View Code

templates/edit_publisher.html:

              
                #如果#action="/edit_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}"那么就从URL中用request.GET.get()取id参数

              
              
                <
              
              
                form 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-horizontal"
              
              
                 action
              
              
                ="/edit_publisher/"
              
              
                 method
              
              
                ="post"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                input 
              
              
                type
              
              
                ="text"
              
              
                 name
              
              
                ="edit_id"
              
              
                 value
              
              
                ="{{ publisher.id }}"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="hide"
              
              
                >
              
              
                #将获取id的input框隐藏
    
              
              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-group"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                label 
              
              
                for
              
              
                ="inputEmail3"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="col-sm-3 control-label"
              
              
                >
              
              出版社名称
              
                
                  label
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  div 
                
                
                  class
                
                
                  ="col-sm-9"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="form-control"
                
                
                   id
                
                
                  ="inputEmail3"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="name"
                
                
                  
                   placeholder
                
                
                  ="出版社名称"
                
                
                   value
                
                
                  ="{{ publisher.name }}"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  #提交出版社名称
        
                
                
                  
                    div
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      

    
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="form-group"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      button 
                    
                    
                      type
                    
                    
                      ="submit"
                    
                    
                       class
                    
                    
                      ="btn btn-default"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    提交
                    
                      
                        button
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
                          div
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                            div
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
                              form
                            
                            
                              >

View Code

12.322 有关书籍的函数逻辑

            
              from
            
             django.shortcuts 
            
              import
            
            
               HttpResponse, render, redirect

            
            
              from
            
             app01 
            
              import
            
            
               models

            
            
              #
            
            
               书籍列表函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               book_list(request):
    ret 
            
            = models.Book.objects.all()                          
            
              #
            
            
              去数据库查询所有的书籍对象
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              book_list.html
            
            
              "
            
            , {
            
              "
            
            
              book_list
            
            
              "
            
            : ret})
            
              #
            
            
              将数据填充到页面上，发送给客户端
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               添加书籍函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               add_book(request):
    
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            :                
            
              #
            
            
              如果是POST请求表示用户新添加了一本书籍和关联的出版社
            
            
        book_name = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              book_name
            
            
              "
            
            )       
            
              #
            
            
               添加新书籍的名称
            
            
        publisher_id = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_id
            
            
              "
            
            )  
            
              #
            
            
               添加新书籍关联的出版社id值
            
            
        models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, publisher_id=
            
              publisher_id)
        
        
            
            
              #
            
            
              publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=publisher_id)#根据id值先找到关联的出版社对象
            
            
              #
            
            
              models.Book.objects.create(title=book_name, publisher=publisher_obj)
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /book_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )                 
            
              #
            
            
               创建成功，让用户跳转到书籍列表页面，刷新数据
            
            
              
    
            
            
              #
            
            
               取到所有的出版社数据，在页面上渲染成select标签，供用户选择
            
            
    ret =
            
               models.Publisher.objects.all()
    
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              add_book.html
            
            
              "
            
            , {
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_list
            
            
              "
            
            
              : ret})


            
            
              #
            
            
               删除书籍的函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               delete_book(request):
    delete_book_id 
            
            = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )            
            
              #
            
            
               从URL里面取到要删除的书籍的ID
            
            
    models.Book.objects.get(id=delete_book_id).delete()
            
              #
            
            
               去数据库中删除
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /book_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )                    
            
              #
            
            
               删除成功，跳转到书籍列表页面，刷新数据
            
            
              

            
            
              #
            
            
               编辑书籍的函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               edit_book(request):  
    
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            :                 
            
              #
            
            
               如果是POST请求 表名是用户修改好了数据，向后端提交了
            
            
        new_book_title = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              book_title
            
            
              "
            
            ) 
            
              #
            
            
               取用户提交过来的数据
            
            
        new_publisher_id = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_id
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
        
        book_id 
            
            = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )              
            
              #
            
            
              获取URL中的当前编辑图书的id
            
            
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=book_id)
            
              #
            
            
               根据id取出要编辑的书籍对象
            
            
                      
        book_obj.title 
            
            =
            
               new_book_title
        book_obj.publisher_id 
            
            =
            
               new_publisher_id
        book_obj.save()                            
            
            
              #
            
            
               将修改保存到数据库
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /book_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )              
            
              #
            
            
               修改完之后让用户跳转回书籍列表页面
            
            
              
    
            
            
              #
            
            
               返回一个让用户编辑数据的页面
            
            
    edit_book_id = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )                    
            
              #
            
            
               取编辑的书籍的id值
            
            
    edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_book_id) 
            
              #
            
            
               取到要编辑的书籍对象
            
            
    publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.all()          
            
              #
            
            
               去数据库查询目前所有的出版社数据
            
            
              return
            
             render(request,
            
              "
            
            
              edit_book.html
            
            
              "
            
            ,{
            
              "
            
            
              book
            
            
              "
            
            : edit_book_obj,
            
              "
            
            
              publisher_list
            
            
              "
            
            :publisher_list})

templates/book_list.html：

              
                <
              
              
                table 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="table table-striped table-bordered"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                thead
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                tr
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                th
              
              
                >
              
              序号
              
                
                  th
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  th
                
                
                  >
                
                书籍名称
                
                  
                    th
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    <
                  
                  
                    th
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  出版社名称
                  
                    
                      th
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      th
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    操作
                    
                      
                        th
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
                          tr
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                            thead
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            tbody
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
    {% for book in book_list %}
        
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            tr
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            td
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          {{ forloop.counter }}
                          
                            
                              td
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            
                              <
                            
                            
                              td
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            {{ book.title }}
                            
                              
                                td
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                <
                              
                              
                                td
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              {{ book.publisher.name}}
                              
                                
                                  td
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  # book.publisher拿到的是外键(id)关联的出版社的行数据对象
            
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  td 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="text-center"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  a 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="btn btn-info btn-sm"
                                
                                
                                   href
                                
                                
                                  ="/edit_book/?id={{ book.id }}"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  i 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="fa fa-pencil fa-fw"
                                
                                
                                    aria-hidden
                                
                                
                                  ="true"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                  
                                    i
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                   编辑 
                                  
                                    
                                      a
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      <
                                    
                                    
                                      a 
                                    
                                    
                                      class
                                    
                                    
                                      ="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
                                    
                                    
                                       href
                                    
                                    
                                      ="/delete_book/?id={{ book.id }}"
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      <
                                    
                                    
                                      i 
                                    
                                    
                                      class
                                    
                                    
                                      ="fa fa-trash-o fa-fw"
                                    
                                    
                                       aria-hidden
                                    
                                    
                                      ="true"
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                      
                                        i
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                       删除 
                                      
                                        
                                          a
                                        
                                        
                                          >
                                        
                                        
                                          
                                            td
                                          
                                          
                                            >
                                          
                                          
                                            
                                              tr
                                            
                                            
                                              >
                                            
                                            
                                              
    {% endfor %}
    
                                            
                                            
                                              
                                                tbody
                                              
                                              
                                                >
                                              
                                              
                                                
                                                  table
                                                
                                                
                                                  >

View Code

templates/add_book.html：

              
                <
              
              
                form 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-horizontal"
              
              
                 action
              
              
                ="/add_book/"
              
              
                 method
              
              
                ="post"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-group"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                label 
              
              
                for
              
              
                ="inputEmail3"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="col-sm-3 control-label"
              
              
                >
              
              书籍名称
              
                
                  label
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  div 
                
                
                  class
                
                
                  ="col-sm-9"
                
                
                  ><
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="form-control"
                
                
                   id
                
                
                  ="inputEmail3"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="book_name"
                
                
                   placeholder
                
                
                  ="书籍名称"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  
                    div
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="form-group"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      label 
                    
                    
                      for
                    
                    
                      ="inputEmail3"
                    
                    
                       class
                    
                    
                      ="col-sm-3 control-label"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    出版社名称
                    
                      
                        label
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        div 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="col-sm-9"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        select 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="form-control"
                      
                      
                         name
                      
                      
                        ="publisher_id"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
                {% for publisher in publisher_list %}
                
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        option 
                      
                      
                        value
                      
                      
                        ="{{ publisher.id }}"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                         {{ publisher.name }}
                
                      
                      
                        
                          option
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                {% endfor %}
            
                        
                        
                          
                            select
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
                              div
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            
                              
                                div
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                <
                              
                              
                                div 
                              
                              
                                class
                              
                              
                                ="form-group"
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                <
                              
                              
                                div 
                              
                              
                                class
                              
                              
                                ="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"
                              
                              
                                ><
                              
                              
                                button 
                              
                              
                                type
                              
                              
                                ="submit"
                              
                              
                                 class
                              
                              
                                ="btn btn-default"
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              提交
                              
                                
                                  button
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  
                                    div
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                      div
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      
                                        form
                                      
                                      
                                        >

View Code

templates/edit_book.html：

              
                #action=""此处使用默认URL，即继承之前的/edit_book/?id={{ book.id }}
#或者#action="/edit_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}"那么就从URL中用request.GET.get()取id参数

              
              
                <
              
              
                form 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-horizontal"
              
              
                 action
              
              
                =""
              
              
                 method
              
              
                ="post"
              
              
                >
              
              
                
    #隐藏要编辑的书，发送id到后端，为了在后端找到要修改的图书，方便修改
    #
              
              
                <
              
              
                input 
              
              
                type
              
              
                ="text"
              
              
                 value
              
              
                ="{{ book.id }}"
              
              
                 name
              
              
                ="book_id"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="hide"
              
              
                >
              
              
                
    
    #预先在输入框和下拉框显示要修改的图书名和出版社名
    
              
              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-group"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                label 
              
              
                for
              
              
                ="inputEmail3"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="col-sm-3 control-label"
              
              
                >
              
              书籍名称
              
                
                  label
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  div 
                
                
                  class
                
                
                  ="col-sm-9"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="form-control"
                
                
                   id
                
                
                  ="inputEmail3"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="book_title"
                
                
                   value
                
                
                  ="{{ book.title }}"
                
                
                   placeholder
                
                
                  ="书籍名称"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  
                    div
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="form-group"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      label 
                    
                    
                      for
                    
                    
                      ="inputEmail3"
                    
                    
                       class
                    
                    
                      ="col-sm-3 control-label"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    出版社名称
                    
                      
                        label
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        div 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="col-sm-9"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        select 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="form-control"
                      
                      
                         name
                      
                      
                        ="publisher_id"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
             # 如果当前循环到的出版社和书关联的出版社相等，则添加selected，表示预先选中的
                {% for publisher in publisher_list %}   
                    {% if publisher == book.publisher %}
                        
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        option 
                      
                      
                        value
                      
                      
                        ="{{ publisher.id }}"
                      
                      
                         selected
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      {{ publisher.name }}
                      
                        
                          option
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                    {% else %}
                        
                        
                        
                          <
                        
                        
                          option 
                        
                        
                          value
                        
                        
                          ="{{ publisher.id }}"
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        {{ publisher.name }}
                        
                          
                            option
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}                      
            
                          
                          
                            
                              select
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            
                              
                                div
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                
                                  div
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  

    
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  div 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="form-group"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  div 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  button 
                                
                                
                                  type
                                
                                
                                  ="submit"
                                
                                
                                   class
                                
                                
                                  ="btn btn-default"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                提交
                                
                                  
                                    button
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                      div
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      
                                        div
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        
                                          form
                                        
                                        
                                          >

View Code

12.323 有关作者的函数逻辑

            
              #
            
            
               作者列表函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               author_list(request):
    authors 
            
            = models.Author.objects.all()    
            
              #
            
            
               从数据库中查询所有的作者数据，在页面上展示出来
            
            
              #
            
            
               author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=1)
            
            
              #
            
            
               print(author_obj.books.all())            表示id=1的作者写的所有书的对象
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              author_list.html
            
            
              "
            
            , {
            
              "
            
            
              author_list
            
            
              "
            
            
              : authors})


            
            
              #
            
            
               添加作者函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               add_author(request):
    
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            
              :            
        new_author_name 
            
            = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              author_name
            
            
              "
            
            ) 
            
              #
            
            
               拿到新的作者姓名    
            
            
        models.Author.objects.create(name=new_author_name)
            
              #
            
            
               去数据库中创建一个新的作者记录
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /author_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )                  
            
              #
            
            
               创建好作者之后，让用户跳转到作者列表页面
            
            
              #
            
            
               返回一个页面，让用户填写新的作者信息
            
            
              return
            
             render(request, 
            
              "
            
            
              add_author.html
            
            
              "
            
            
              )


            
            
              #
            
            
               删除作者函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               delete_author(request):
    delete_author_id 
            
            = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )              
            
              #
            
            
               从URL里面取到要删除的作者的ID    
            
            
    models.Author.objects.get(id=delete_author_id).delete()
            
              #
            
            
               去数据库中找到该作者并删除
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /author_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )                      
            
              #
            
            
               删除成功后 跳转回作者列表页面
            
            
              #
            
            
               编辑作者函数
            
            
              def
            
            
               edit_author(request):
    
            
            
              if
            
             request.method == 
            
              "
            
            
              POST
            
            
              "
            
            :                  
            
              #
            
            
               如果发送的是POST请求，应该拿到用户提交的数据      
            
            
        edit_author_id = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              author_id
            
            
              "
            
            )       
            
              #
            
            
               编辑的作者id
            
            
              #
            
            
               取新名字和新的书籍id
            
            
        new_author_name = request.POST.get(
            
              "
            
            
              author_name
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
        new_book_ids 
            
            = request.POST.getlist(
            
              "
            
            
              book_ids
            
            
              "
            
            
              )
        
            
            
              #
            
            
               如果提交过来的数据是多个值（多选的select/多选的checkbox）则使用getlist取列表
            
            
              #
            
            
               print(request.POST)
            
            
              #
            
            
               print(edit_author_id, new_author_name, new_book_ids)
            
            
              #
            
            
               去编辑作者以及对应的书籍
            
            
        edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_author_id)
            
              #
            
            
               拿到编辑的作者对象
            
            
        edit_author_obj.name = new_author_name                        
            
              #
            
            
               修改作者姓名
            
            
                      edit_author_obj.save()
        
            
            
              #
            
            
               修改作者写的书籍
            
            
        edit_author_obj.books.set(new_book_ids)            
            
              #
            
            
              通过新书id更换作者对应的书籍，并提交数据库
            
            
              return
            
             redirect(
            
              "
            
            
              /author_list/
            
            
              "
            
            )                
            
              #
            
            
               修改完成之后，跳转到作者列表页面
            
            
              #
            
            
               返回一个页面，让用户编辑
            
            
    edit_author_id = request.GET.get(
            
              "
            
            
              id
            
            
              "
            
            )                      
            
              #
            
            
               从URL里面取到要编辑作者的id参数
            
            
    edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_author_id)
            
              #
            
            
               取到要编辑的作者对象
            
            
    book_list = models.Book.objects.all()                        
            
              #
            
            
               获取所有的书籍对象信息
            
            
              return
            
             render(request,
            
              "
            
            
              edit_author.html
            
            
              "
            
            ,{
            
              "
            
            
              author
            
            
              "
            
            : edit_author_obj,

templates/author_list.html:

              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="col-md-3 col-sm-6 pull-right add-btn"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                button 
              
              
                data-target
              
              
                ="#myModal"
              
              
                 data-toggle
              
              
                ="modal"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="btn btn-success pull-right"
              
              
                >
              
              
                新增
    
              
              
                
                  button
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  a 
                
                
                  href
                
                
                  ="/add_author/"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="btn btn-info pull-right"
                
                
                  >
                
                新页面添加 
                
                  
                    a
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      


                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      table 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="table table-striped table-bordered"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      thead
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      tr
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      th
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    序号
                    
                      
                        th
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        th
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      作者姓名
                      
                        
                          th
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          <
                        
                        
                          th
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        著作
                        
                          
                            th
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            <
                          
                          
                            th
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          操作
                          
                            
                              th
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            
                              
                                tr
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                
                                  thead
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  tbody
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  
    {% for author in author_list %}#{"author_list": authors}
        
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  tr
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  td
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                {{ forloop.counter }}
                                
                                  
                                    td
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  
                                    <
                                  
                                  
                                    td
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  {{ author.name }}
                                  
                                    
                                      td
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      <
                                    
                                    
                                      td
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                                                     #在这一列展示这个作者关联的所有的书籍
                {% for book in author.books.all %}#书籍对象的列表
                    {% if forloop.last %}
                        《{{ book.title }}》
                    {% else %}
                        《{{ book.title }}》,
                    {% endif %}
                {% empty %}
                    暂无著作
                {% endfor %}
            
                                    
                                    
                                      
                                        td
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        <
                                      
                                      
                                        td 
                                      
                                      
                                        class
                                      
                                      
                                        ="text-center"
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        <
                                      
                                      
                                        a 
                                      
                                      
                                        class
                                      
                                      
                                        ="btn btn-info btn-sm"
                                      
                                      
                                         href
                                      
                                      
                                        ="/edit_author/?id={{ author.id }}"
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        <
                                      
                                      
                                        i 
                                      
                                      
                                        class
                                      
                                      
                                        ="fa fa-pencil fa-fw"
                                      
                                      
                                         aria-hidden
                                      
                                      
                                        ="true"
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                        
                                          i
                                        
                                        
                                          >
                                        
                                        编辑 
                                        
                                          
                                            a
                                          
                                          
                                            >
                                          
                                          
                                            <
                                          
                                          
                                            a 
                                          
                                          
                                            class
                                          
                                          
                                            ="btn btn-danger btn-sm"
                                          
                                          
                                             href
                                          
                                          
                                            ="/delete_author/?id={{ author.id }}"
                                          
                                          
                                            >
                                          
                                          
                                            <
                                          
                                          
                                            i 
                                          
                                          
                                            class
                                          
                                          
                                            ="fa fa-trash-o fa-fw"
                                          
                                          
                                             aria-hidden
                                          
                                          
                                            ="true"
                                          
                                          
                                            >
                                            
                                              i
                                            
                                            
                                              >
                                            
                                            删除 
                                            
                                              
                                                a
                                              
                                              
                                                >
                                              
                                              
                                                
                                                  td
                                                
                                                
                                                  >
                                                
                                                
                                                  
                                                    tr
                                                  
                                                  
                                                    >
                                                  
                                                  
                                                    
    {% endfor %}
    
                                                  
                                                  
                                                    
                                                      tbody
                                                    
                                                    
                                                      >
                                                    
                                                    
                                                      
                                                        table
                                                      
                                                      
                                                        >

View Code

templates/add_author.html：

              
                <
              
              
                form 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-horizontal"
              
              
                 action
              
              
                ="/add_author/"
              
              
                 method
              
              
                ="post"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-group"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                label 
              
              
                for
              
              
                ="inputEmail3"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="col-sm-3 control-label"
              
              
                >
              
              作者姓名
              
                
                  label
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  div 
                
                
                  class
                
                
                  ="col-sm-9"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="form-control"
                
                
                   id
                
                
                  ="inputEmail3"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="author_name"
                
                
                  
                   placeholder
                
                
                  ="作者姓名"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  
                    div
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      

    
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="form-group"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      button 
                    
                    
                      type
                    
                    
                      ="submit"
                    
                    
                       class
                    
                    
                      ="btn btn-default"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    提交
                    
                      
                        button
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
                          div
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                            div
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
                              form
                            
                            
                              >

View Code

templates/edit_author.html：

              
                <
              
              
                form 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-horizontal"
              
              
                 action
              
              
                =""
              
              
                 method
              
              
                ="post"
              
              
                >
              
              
                #action=""默认转到当前URL
    
              
              
                <
              
              
                input 
              
              
                type
              
              
                ="text"
              
              
                 value
              
              
                ="{{ author.id }}"
              
              
                 name
              
              
                ="author_id"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="hide"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                div 
              
              
                class
              
              
                ="form-group"
              
              
                >
              
              
                <
              
              
                label 
              
              
                for
              
              
                ="inputEmail3"
              
              
                 class
              
              
                ="col-sm-3 control-label"
              
              
                >
              
              作者姓名
              
                
                  label
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  div 
                
                
                  class
                
                
                  ="col-sm-9"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  <
                
                
                  input 
                
                
                  type
                
                
                  ="text"
                
                
                   class
                
                
                  ="form-control"
                
                
                   id
                
                
                  ="inputEmail3"
                
                
                   name
                
                
                  ="author_name"
                
                
                  
                   value
                
                
                  ="{{ author.name }}"
                
                
                   placeholder
                
                
                  ="作者姓名"
                
                
                  >
                
                
                  
                    div
                  
                  
                    >
                  
                  
                    
                      div
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      div 
                    
                    
                      class
                    
                    
                      ="form-group"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    
                      <
                    
                    
                      label 
                    
                    
                      for
                    
                    
                      ="inputEmail3"
                    
                    
                       class
                    
                    
                      ="col-sm-3 control-label"
                    
                    
                      >
                    
                    著作
                    
                      
                        label
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        div 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="col-sm-9"
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        select 
                      
                      
                        class
                      
                      
                        ="form-control"
                      
                      
                         name
                      
                      
                        ="book_ids"
                      
                      
                         multiple
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      
                        
                {% for book in book_list %}            #book_list 所有的书籍对象
                    #author：要编辑的作者，author.books.all：要编辑的作者的所有书籍对象
                    {% if book in author.books.all %}   # 如果当前这本书在作者写的书里面
                        
                      
                      
                        <
                      
                      
                        option 
                      
                      
                        value
                      
                      
                        ="{{ book.id }}"
                      
                      
                         selected
                      
                      
                        >
                      
                      {{ book.title }}
                      
                        
                          option
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        
                          
                    {% else %}
                        
                        
                        
                          <
                        
                        
                          option 
                        
                        
                          value
                        
                        
                          ="{{ book.id }}"
                        
                        
                          >
                        
                        {{ book.title }}
                        
                          
                            option
                          
                          
                            >
                          
                          
                            
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            
                          
                          
                            
                              select
                            
                            
                              >
                            
                            
                              
                                div
                              
                              
                                >
                              
                              
                                
                                  div
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  

    
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  div 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="form-group"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  div 
                                
                                
                                  class
                                
                                
                                  ="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                
                                  <
                                
                                
                                  button 
                                
                                
                                  type
                                
                                
                                  ="submit"
                                
                                
                                   class
                                
                                
                                  ="btn btn-default"
                                
                                
                                  >
                                
                                提交
                                
                                  
                                    button
                                  
                                  
                                    >
                                  
                                  
                                    
                                      div
                                    
                                    
                                      >
                                    
                                    
                                      
                                        div
                                      
                                      
                                        >
                                      
                                      
                                        
                                          form
                                        
                                        
                                          >

View Code

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