在 Tomcat 中设置 HTTP 基本认证的示例
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在 $TOMCAT_HOME\conf\tomcat-users.xml 文件中配置角色和用户：
< tomcat-users > < role rolename ="all" /> < role rolename ="admin" /> < user username ="all" password ="all" roles ="all" /> < user username ="admin" password ="admin" roles ="admin,all" /> </ tomcat-users > - 新建一个 Java Web 工程，编辑 web.xml 文件。
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配置 <security-constraint/> 元素，指定角色可访问的资源集和可使用的 HTTP 方法。
< security-constraint > < web-resource-collection > < web-resource-name > Public resources </ web-resource-name > < url-pattern > /home/* </ url-pattern > < http-method > HEAD </ http-method > < http-method > GET </ http-method > </ web-resource-collection > < auth-constraint > < role-name > all </ role-name > </ auth-constraint > </ security-constraint > < security-constraint > < web-resource-collection > < web-resource-name > Secret resources </ web-resource-name > < url-pattern > /blog/* </ url-pattern > < url-pattern > /photo/* </ url-pattern > < http-method > HEAD </ http-method > < http-method > GET </ http-method > < http-method > POST </ http-method > < http-method > PUT </ http-method > </ web-resource-collection > < auth-constraint > < role-name > admin </ role-name > </ auth-constraint > </ security-constraint > -
配置 <login-config/> 元素，指定认证方式为基本认证，并指定安全域。
< login-config > < auth-method > BASIC </ auth-method > < realm-name > hueyhome </ realm-name > </ login-config >
测试：
a) 无认证信息请求
C:\Users\huey>
curl -I http://localhost:8080/helloweb/home/index.html
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Pragma: No-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 08:00:00 CST
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="hueyhome"
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 951
Date: Mon, 18 May 2015 14:10:55 GMT
b) 错误认证信息请求
C:\Users\huey>
curl -I -u "all:none" http://localhost:8080/helloweb/home/index.html
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Pragma: No-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 08:00:00 CST
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="hueyhome"
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 951
Date: Mon, 18 May 2015 14:19:01 GMT
c) 正确认证信息但该用户无指定资源的访问权限
C:\Users\huey>
curl -I -u "all:all" http://localhost:8080/helloweb/blog/index.html
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Pragma: No-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 08:00:00 CST
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1057
Date: Mon, 18 May 2015 14:11:57 GMT
d) 正确认证信息且该用户无指定资源的访问权限
C:\Users\huey>
curl -I -u "all:all" http://localhost:8080/helloweb/home/index.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Pragma: No-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 08:00:00 CST
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: W/"317-1431758220112"
Last-Modified: Sat, 16 May 2015 06:37:00 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 317
Date: Mon, 18 May 2015 14:11:04 GMT
