一般我们编写C程序时,要调用某个文件中的函数,需要在本文件中包含声明有被调用函数的头文件,然后编译连接后,方能找到调用函数。对于模块依赖的情况,不能简单的使用上面的方法,内核提供了一个机制,就是EXPORT_SYMBOL 标签内定义的函数或者符号对全部内核代码公开,不用修改内核代码就可以在您的内核模块中直接调用,即使用 EXPORT_SYMBOL可以将一个函数以符号的方式导出给其他模块使用 。 您还可以手工修改内核源代码来导出另外的函数,用于重新编译并加载新内核后的测试。
include/module.h: struct kernel_symbol { unsigned long value; const char *name; }; /* For every exported symbol, place a struct in the __ksymtab section */ #define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec) \ __CRC_SYMBOL(sym, sec) \ static const char __kstrtab_##sym[] \ __attribute__((section("__ksymtab_strings"))) \ = MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX #sym; \ static const struct kernel_symbol __ksymtab_##sym \ __attribute_used__ \ __attribute__((section("__ksymtab" sec), unused)) \ = { (unsigned long)&sym, __kstrtab_##sym } #define EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym) \ __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, "") #define EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sym) \ __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, "_gpl") #endif
下面是这种方法是演示:
第一个模块文件如下:
[lingyun@localhost export_symbol]$ ls
mod1 mod2
[lingyun@localhost export_symbol]$ cd mod1/
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ ls
Makefile mod_a.c
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ vim mod_a.c
mod_a.c
/********************************************************************************* * Copyright: (C) 2013 fulinux<fulinux@sina.com> * All rights reserved. * * Filename: mod_a.c * Description: This file * * Version: 1.0.0(07/12/2013~) * Author: fulinux <fulinux@sina.com> * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "07/12/2013 10:06:50 AM" * ********************************************************************************/ #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> static int func1(void) { printk("In Func: %s...\n",__func__); return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(func1); static int __init hello_init(void) { printk("Module 1, Init!\n"); return 0; } static void __exit hello_exit(void) { printk("Module 1, Exit!\n"); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
其中EXPORT_SYMBOL(func1)导出func1函数符号,保存函数地址和名称.
这个模块的第一个Makefile文件:
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ ls
Makefile mod_a.c
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ vim Makefile
obj-m:=mod1.o mod1-y:=mod_a.o KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build PWD:=$(shell pwd) modules: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules modules_install: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install clean: rm -rf *.o *~core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.ko.* *.mod.c .tmp_versions *odule* $(TARGET)
其中
内嵌对象 - obj-y,可加载模块 - obj-m,
KERNELDIR指向
指向内核代码目录。
编译编译并加载:
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ ls
Makefile mod_a.c
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ make
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/build M=/usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
CC [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/mod_a.o
LD [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/mod1.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/mod1.mod.o
LD [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/mod1.ko.unsigned
NO SIGN [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/mod1.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ sudo insmod mod1.ko
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ cat /proc/kallsyms | grep func1
0000000000000000 r __
ksymtab_func1
[mod1]
0000000000000000 r __
kstrtab_func1
[mod1]
0000000000000000 r __
kcrctab_func1
[mod1]
0000000000000000 T func1 [mod1]
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ dmesg | grep Module
- User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key)
Module 1, Init!
第二个模块的文件如下:
[lingyun@localhost mod1]$ cd ../mod2/
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ vim mod_b.c
/********************************************************************************* * Copyright: (C) 2013 fulinux<fulinux@sina.com> * All rights reserved. * * Filename: mod_b.c * Description: This file * * Version: 1.0.0(07/12/2013~) * Author: fulinux <fulinux@sina.com> * ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "07/12/2013 10:29:55 AM" * ********************************************************************************/ #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/module.h> static int func2(void) { extern int func1(void); func1(); printk("In Func: %s...\n",__func__); return 0; } static int __init hello_init(void) { printk("Module 2, Init!\n"); func2(); return 0; } static void __exit hello_exit(void) { printk("Module 2, Exit!\n"); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
在这里调用了第一个模块中的func1函数。
对应的Makefile文件:
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ vim Makefile
obj-m:=mod2.o mod2-y:=mod_b.o KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build PWD:=$(shell pwd) modules: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules modules_install: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install clean: rm -rf *.o *~core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.ko.* *.mod.c .tmp_versions *odule* $(TARGET)
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ make
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/build M=/usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
WARNING: "func1" [/usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod2.ko] undefined!
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ sudo insmod mod2.ko
insmod: error inserting 'mod2.ko': -1 Unknown symbol in module
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$
解决上面的问题如下:
解决办法是把mod_a的Module.symvers放到mod_b的当前路径,从而编译mod_b,符号信息会自动连接进去.
或者在mod_b的makefile中使用KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS指定mod_a的Module.symvers, 如:
KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS=/mod_a/Module.symvers
编译mod_b时,搜索Module.symvers的路径是:
1, kernel source path, e.g. /usr/src/kernels/linux-2.6.28.10
2, makefile中M=所指定的路径, 它等效于变量KBUILD_EXTMOD的值
3, 变量KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS的值
此时Makefile文件如下:
obj-m:=mod2.o
mod2-y:=mod_b.o
KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS=~/fulinux/export_symbol/mod1/Module.symvers
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
modules_install:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install
clean:
rm -rf *.o *~core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.ko.* *.mod.c .tmp_versions *odule* $(TARGET)
在编译加载如下:
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ make
make -C /lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/build M=/usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2 modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
CC [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod_b.o
LD [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod2.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod2.mod.o
LD [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod2.ko.unsigned
NO SIGN [M] /usr/local/src/lingyun/fulinux/export_symbol/mod2/mod2.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64'
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ sudo insmod mod2.ko
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$
[lingyun@localhost mod2]$ dmesg | grep "In Func:"
In Func: func1...
In Func: func2...
可见模块二调用模块一的func1成功!!!