2.2 Installing
MySQL
on Unix/
Linux Using Generic Binaries
Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of
MySQL
.
These
include
binary distributions in the form of compressed tar files
(files with a
.tar.gz extension)
for
a
number
of platforms,
as
well
as
binaries in platform-specific package formats
for
selected
platforms
.
This section covers the installation of
MySQL
from a compressed
tar
file
binary distribution.
For
other platform-
specific package
formats
, see the other platform-specific sections.
For
example,
for
Windows distributions, see Section 2.3, "
Installing MySQL on
Microsoft Windows.
"
To obtain
MySQL
, see Section 2.1.3, "How to Get MySQL."
MySQL
compressed tar
file
binary distributions have names of the
form
mysql
-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a
number
(
for
example
, 5.6.22), and OS indicates the type of operating
system
for
which the distribution is intended (
for
example, pc-linux-
i686
or winx64)
.
To install
MySQL
from a compressed tar
file
binary distribution,
your
system
must have GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution
and a reasonable tar to
unpack
it.
If
your tar program supports
the z option
, it can both uncompress and
unpack
the
file
.
GNU tar is known to work
.
The standard tar provided with some
operating systems is not able to
unpack
the long
file
names in the
MySQL
distribution. You should download and install GNU tar, or
if
available
,
use
a preinstalled version of GNU tar.
Usually this is
available
as
gnutar, gtar, or
as
tar within a GNU or Free Software
directory
, such
as
/usr/sfw/bin or /usr/local/bin.
GNU tar is
available from http
:
//
www.gnu.org/software/tar/.
Warning
If
you have previously installed
MySQL
using your operating
system
native package management
system
, such
as
yum or apt-get,
you may
experience problems installing using a native binary
.
Make sure
your previous
MySQL
previous installation has been removed
entirely (using your package management
system
),
and that any
additional files
, such
as
old versions of your data files,
have
also been removed
.
You should also check the existence of
configuration files such
as
/etc/my.cnf or the /etc/
mysql
directory have been deleted
.
If
you run into problems and need to
file
a bug report, please
use
the instructions in Section
1.7, "How to Report Bugs or Problems."
On Unix
, to install a compressed tar
file
binary distribution,
unpack
it at the installation location you choose (typically
/usr/local/
mysql
).
This creates the directories shown in the
following table
.
Table
2.3
MySQL
Installation Layout
for
Generic Unix/
Linux Binary
Package
Directory Contents of Directory
bin Client programs and the mysqld server
data
Log
files,
databases
docs Manual in Info format
man Unix manual pages
include
Include
(
header
) files
lib Libraries
scripts mysql_install_db
share Miscellaneous support files
, including error messages,
sample configuration files
, SQL
for
database installation
sql
-
bench Benchmarks
Debug versions of the mysqld binary are available
as
mysqld-debug.
To compile your own debug version of
MySQL
from a source
distribution
,
use
the appropriate configuration options to enable
debugging support
.
For
more information on compiling from source,
see Section
2.9, "Installing MySQL from Source."
To install and
use
a
MySQL
binary distribution,
the basic command
sequence looks like this
:
shell
> groupadd
mysql
shell
> useradd -r -g
mysql
mysql
shell
> cd /usr/
local
shell
> tar zxvf /path/to/
mysql
-VERSION-OS.tar.
gz
shell
> ln -s full-path-to-
mysql
-VERSION-OS
mysql
shell
> cd
mysql
shell
>
chown
-R
mysql
.
shell
>
chgrp
-R
mysql
.
shell
> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=
mysql
shell
>
chown
-R root .
shell
>
chown
-R
mysql
data
shell
> bin/mysqld_safe --user=
mysql
&
#
Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/
mysql
.server /etc/init.d/
mysql
.
server
mysql_install_db creates a
default
option
file
named my.
cnf in the
base installation directory
. This
file
is created from a template
included in the distribution package named my
-
default
.cnf.
For
more information
, see Section 5.1.2.2, "
Using a Sample Default
Server Configuration File.
"
A more detailed version of the preceding description
for
installing a binary distribution follows
.
Note
This procedure assumes that you have root (administrator) access
to your
system
. Alternatively, you can prefix
each
command using
the sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris) command
.
The procedure does not set up any passwords
for
MySQL
accounts.
After following the procedure
, proceed to Section 2.10.2,
"Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts."
Create a
mysql
User and Group
If
your
system
does not already have a user and group
for
mysqld
to run
as
, you may need to create one.
The following commands add
the
mysql
group and the
mysql
user.
You might want to call the
user and group something
else
instead of
mysql
.
If
so,
substitute
the appropriate name in the following instructions
. The syntax
for
useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on different versions of
Unix
, or they may have different names such
as
adduser and
addgroup
.
shell
> groupadd
mysql
shell
> useradd -r -g
mysql
mysql
Note
Because the user is required only
for
ownership purposes,
not
login purposes
, the useradd command uses the -
r option to create a
user that does not have login permissions to your server host
.
Omit this option to permit logins
for
the user (or
if
your useradd
does not support the option)
.
Obtain and
Unpack
the Distribution
Pick the directory under which you want to
unpack
the distribution
and change location into it
.
The example here unpacks the
distribution under
/usr/local. The instructions, therefore,
assume
that you have permission to create files and directories in
/usr/local.
If
that directory is
protected
,
you must perform the
installation
as
root.
shell
> cd /usr/
local
Obtain a distribution
file
using the instructions in Section
2.1.3, "How to Get MySQL."
For
a given release,
binary
distributions
for
all platforms are built from the same
MySQL
source distribution
.
Unpack
the distribution, which creates the installation directory.
Then create a symbolic link to that directory
.
tar can uncompress
and
unpack
the distribution
if
it has z option support:
shell
> tar zxvf /path/to/
mysql
-VERSION-OS.tar.
gz
shell
> ln -s full-path-to-
mysql
-VERSION-OS
mysql
The tar command creates a directory named
mysql
-VERSION-OS.
The ln
command makes a symbolic link to that directory
.
This enables you
to refer more easily to the installation directory
as
/usr/local/
mysql
.
If
your tar does not have z option support,
use
gunzip to
unpack
the distribution and tar to
unpack
it.
Replace the preceding tar
command with the following alternative command to uncompress and
extract
the distribution:
shell
> gunzip < /path/to/
mysql
-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
Perform Postinstallation Setup
The remainder of the installation process involves setting up the
configuration
file
, creating the core databases,
and starting the
MySQL
server.
For
next
steps, see Section 2.10, "
Postinstallation
Setup and Testing.
"
Note
The accounts that are listed in the
MySQL
grant tables initially
have no passwords
. After starting the server,
you should set up
passwords
for
them using the instructions in Section 2.10.2,
"Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts."
2.3 Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows
MySQL
is available
for
Microsoft Windows,
for
both 32-
bit and
64-bit versions.
For
supported Windows platform information,
see
http
:
//
www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html.
It is possible to run
MySQL
as
a standard application or
as
a
Windows service
. By using a service,
you can monitor and control
the operation of the server through the standard Windows service
management tools
.
For
more information, see Section 2.3.5.7,
"Starting MySQL as a Windows Service."
Generally
, you should install
MySQL
on Windows using an account
that has administrator rights
. Otherwise,
you may encounter
problems with certain operations such
as
editing the PATH
environment variable or accessing the Service Control Manager
.
Once installed
,
MySQL
does not need to be executed using a user
with Administrator privileges
.
For
a
list
of limitations on the
use
of
MySQL
on the Windows
platform
, see Section D.10.6, "Windows Platform Limitations."
In addition to the
MySQL
Server package,
you may need or want
additional components to
use
MySQL
with your application or
development environment
. These
include
, but are not limited to:
* To connect to the
MySQL
server using ODBC,
you must have a
Connector
/ODBC driver.
For
more information,
including
installation and configuration instructions
, see
MySQL
Connector
/
ODBC Developer Guide
(http
:
//
dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-odbc/en/index.html).
Note
MySQL
Installer will install and configure Connector/ODBC
for
you
.
* To
use
MySQL
server with .NET applications,
you must have the
Connector
/Net driver.
For
more information,
including
installation and configuration instructions
, see
MySQL
Connector
/
Net Developer Guide
(http
:
//
dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-net/en/index.html).
Note
MySQL
Installer will install and configure Connector/NET
for
you
.
MySQL
distributions
for
Windows can be downloaded from
http
:
//
dev.mysql.com/downloads/. See Section 2.1.3, "How to Get
MySQL
."
MySQL for Windows is available in several distribution formats,
detailed following. Generally speaking, you should use MySQL
Installer. It is simpler to use than the Zip file, and you need no
additional tools to get MySQL up and running. MySQL Installer
automatically installs MySQL Server and additional MySQL products,
creates an options file, starts the server, and enables you to
create default user accounts. For more information on choosing a
package, see Section 2.3.2,
"Choosing An Installation Package."
* A MySQL Installer distribution includes MySQL Server and
additional MySQL products including MySQL Workbench, MySQL
Notifier, and MySQL for Excel. MySQL Installer can also be
used to upgrade these products in the future.
For instructions on installing MySQL using MySQL Installer,
see Section 2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows
Using
MySQL
Installer."
* The standard binary distribution (packaged as a Zip file)
contains all of the necessary files that you unpack into your
chosen location. This package contains all of the files in the
full Windows MSI Installer package, but does not include an
installation program.
For instructions on installing MySQL using the Zip file, see
Section 2.3.5,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows Using a
noinstall Zip Archive
."
* The source distribution format contains all the code and
support files for building the executables using the Visual
Studio compiler system.
For instructions on building MySQL from source on Windows, see
Section 2.9,
"Installing
MySQL
from Source."
MySQL on Windows considerations:
* Large Table Support
If you need tables with a size larger than 4GB, install MySQL
on an NTFS or newer file system. Do not forget to use MAX_ROWS
and AVG_ROW_LENGTH when you create tables. See Section
13.1.17,
"CREATE TABLE Syntax."
* MySQL and Virus Checking Software
Virus-scanning software such as Norton/Symantec Anti-Virus on
directories containing MySQL data and temporary tables can
cause issues, both in terms of the performance of MySQL and
the virus-scanning software misidentifying the contents of the
files as containing spam. This is due to the fingerprinting
mechanism used by the virus-scanning software, and the way in
which MySQL rapidly updates different files, which may be
identified as a potential security risk.
After installing MySQL Server, it is recommended that you
disable virus scanning on the main directory (datadir) used to
store your MySQL table data. There is usually a system built
into the virus scanning software to enable specific
directories to be ignored.
In addition, by default, MySQL creates temporary files in the
standard Windows temporary directory. To prevent the temporary
files also being scanned, configure a separate temporary
directory for MySQL temporary files and add this directory to
the virus scanning exclusion list. To do this, add a
configuration option for the tmpdir parameter to your my.ini
configuration file. For more information, see Section 2.3.5.2,
"Creating an Option
File
."
2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows
For MySQL 5.6 on Windows, the default installation directory is
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6. Some Windows users prefer
to install in C:\mysql, the directory that formerly was used as
the default. However, the layout of the subdirectories remains the
same.
All of the files are located within this parent directory, using
the structure shown in the following table.
Table 2.4 Default MySQL Installation Layout for Microsoft Windows
Directory Contents of Directory Notes
bin Client programs and the mysqld server
%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\ Log files, databases
(Windows XP, Windows Server 2003) The Windows system variable
%ALLUSERSPROFILE% defaults to C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data
%PROGRAMDATA%\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\ Log files, databases (Vista,
Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, and newer) The Windows system
variable %PROGRAMDATA% defaults to C:\ProgramData
examples Example programs and scripts
include Include (header) files
lib Libraries
scripts Utility scripts
share Miscellaneous support files, including error messages,
character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database
installation
If you install MySQL using the MySQL Installer, this package
creates and sets up the data directory that the installed server
will use, and also creates a pristine
"template"
data directory
named data under the installation directory. After an installation
has been performed using this package, the template data directory
can be copied to set up additional MySQL instances. See Section
5.3,
"Running Multiple
MySQL
Instances on One Machine."
2.3.2 Choosing An Installation Package
For MySQL 5.6, there are installation package formats to choose
from when installing MySQL on Windows:
* MySQL Installer: This package has a file name similar to
mysql-installer-community-5.6.22.0.msi or
mysql-installer-commercial-5.6.22.0.msi, and utilizes MSIs to
automatically install MySQL server and other products. It will
download and apply updates to itself, and for each of the
installed products. It also configures the additional
non-server products.
The installed products are configurable, and this includes:
documentation with samples and examples, connectors (such as
C, C++, J, NET, and ODBC), MySQL Workbench, MySQL Notifier,
MySQL for Excel, and the MySQL Server with its components.
MySQL Installer will run on all Windows platforms that are
supported by MySQL (see
http://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html)
.
Note
Because MySQL Installer is not a native component of Microsoft
Windows and depends on .NET, it will not work on minimal
installation options like the
"Server Core"
version of Windows
Server 2008.
For instructions on installing MySQL using MySQL Installer,
see Section 2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows
Using
MySQL
Installer."
* The Noinstall Archive: This package has a file name similar to
mysql-5.6.22-win32.zip or mysql-5.6.22-winx64.zip, and
contains all the files found in the Complete install package,
with the exception of the GUI. This package does not include
an automated installer, and must be manually installed and
configured.
Your choice of install package affects the installation process
you must follow. If you choose to use MySQL Installer, see Section
2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows Using
MySQL
Installer
."
If you choose to install a Noinstall archive, see
Section 2.3.5,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows Using a
noinstall Zip Archive
."
2.3.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using MySQL Installer
MySQL Installer is an application that simplifies the installation
and updating process for a wide range of MySQL products, including
MySQL Notifier, MySQL Workbench, and MySQL for Excel
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-for-excel/en/index.html). From
this central application, you can see which MySQL products are
already installed, configure them, and update or remove them if
necessary. The installer can also install plugins, documentation,
tutorials, and example databases. The MySQL Installer is only
available for Microsoft Windows, and includes both a GUI and
command-line interface.
Installer package types
* Full: Bundles all of the MySQL products (including MySQL
Server). The file' size is over 160MB, and its name has the
form mysql-installer-community-VERSION.N.msi where VERSION is
the MySQL Server version number such as 5.6 and N is the
package number, which begins at 0.
* Web: Only contains the Installer and configuration files, and
it only downloads the MySQL products you choose to install.
The size of this file is about 2MB; the name of the file has
the form mysql-installer-community-web-VERSION.N.msi where
VERSION is the MySQL Server version number such as 5.6 and N
is the package number, which begins at 0.
Installer editions
* Community edition: Downloadable at
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/. It installs the
community edition of all MySQL products.
* Commercial edition: Downloadable at either My Oracle Support
(https://support.oracle.com/) (MOS) or
https://edelivery.oracle.com/. It installs the commercial
version of all MySQL products, including Workbench SE. It also
integrates with your MOS account, so enter in your MOS
credentials to automatically receive updates for your
commercial MySQL products.
For notes detailing the changes in each release of MySQL
Installer, see MySQL Installer Release Notes
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql-installer/en/).
MySQL Installer is compatible with pre-existing installations, and
adds them to its list of installed components. While the MySQL
Installer is bundled with a specific version of MySQL Server, a
single MySQL Installer instance can install and manage multiple
MySQL Server versions. For example, a single MySQL Installer
instance can install versions 5.1, 5.5, and 5.6. It can also
manage either commercial or community editions of the MySQL
Server.
Note
A single host can not have both community and commercial editions
of MySQL Server installed. For example, if you want both MySQL
Server 5.5 and 5.6 installed on a single host, then both must be
the same commercial or community edition.
MySQL Installer handles the initial configuration and setup of the
applications. For example:
1. It will create MySQL Server connections in MySQL Workbench.
2. It creates the configuration file (my.ini) that is used to
configure the MySQL Server. The values written to this file
are influenced by choices you make during the installation
process.
3. It imports example databases.
4. It creates MySQL Server user accounts with configurable
permissions based on general roles, such as DB Administrator,
DB Designer, and Backup Admin. It optionally creates a Windows
user named MysqlSys with limited privileges, which would then
run the MySQL Server.
This feature is only available during the initial installation
of the MySQL Server, and not during future updates. User
accounts may also be added with MySQL Workbench.
5. If the
"Advanced Configuration"
option is checked, then the
Logging Options are also configured. This includes defining
file paths for the error log, general log, slow query log
(including the configuration of seconds it requires to execute
a query), and the binary log.
MySQL Installer can optionally check for updated components and
download them for you automatically.
2.3.3.1 MySQL Installer GUI
After installation of the GUI version, the installer will have add
its own Start Menu item under MySQL.
Note
Files that are generated by MySQL Installer grant full permissions
to the user that executes MySQL Installer, including my.ini. This
does not apply to files and directories for specific products such
as the MySQL Server data directory in ProgramData, that is owned
by SYSTEM.
After the installer itself has been installed and started, the
following screen is displayed:
Figure 2.7 MySQL Installer - Welcome Screen
MySQL Installer - Welcome Screen
There are three main options:
1. Install MySQL Products - The Installation Wizard.
2. About MySQL - Learn about MySQL products and features.
3. Resources - Information to help install and configure MySQL.
To Install MySQL Products after executing MySQL Installer for the
first time, you must accept the license agreement before
proceeding with the installation process.
Figure 2.8 MySQL Installer - License Agreement
MySQL Installer - License Agreement
If you are connected to the Internet, then the Installer will
search for the latest MySQL components and add them to the
installation bundle. Click Connect to the Internet to complete
this step, or otherwise check the Skip checkbox and then Continue.
Figure 2.9 MySQL Installer - Find latest products
MySQL Installer - Find latest products
If you chose
"Connect to the Internet,"
the next page will show
the progress of MySQL Installer's search for available updates.
When the search is complete (or if you opted to skip the search),
you will be taken to the Choose Setup Type page:
Figure 2.10 MySQL Installer - Choosing a Setup Type
MySQL Installer - Choosing a Setup Type
Determine the option most compatible with your preferences by
reading the Setup Type Description descriptions.
The Installation and Data paths are also defined here, and a
caution flag will notify you if the data path you define already
exists.
After you select a setup type, the MySQL Installer will check your
system for the necessary external requirements and download then
install missing components onto your system.
Figure 2.11 MySQL Installer - Check Requirements
MySQL Installer - Check Requirements
The next window lists the MySQL products that are scheduled to be
installed:
Figure 2.12 MySQL Installer - Installation Progress
MySQL Installer - Installation Progress
As components are installed, you'll see their status change from
"to be installed" to "install success."
Figure 2.13 MySQL Installer - Installation Progress status
MySQL Installer - Installation Progress status
After all components are installed, the next step involves
configuring the products. The Configuration Overview window
displays the progress and then loads a configuration window if it
is required.
Figure 2.14 MySQL Installer - Configuration Overview
MySQL Installer - Configuration Overview
The ideal MySQL Server configuration depends on your intended use,
as explained in the next window. Choose the description that most
closely applies to your machine.
You may enable TCP/IP Networking here as otherwise only localhost
connections are allowed.
Checking the
"Advanced Configuration"
option provides additional
Logging Options to configure. This includes defining file paths
for the error log, general log, slow query log (including the
configuration of seconds it requires to execute a query), and the
binary log.
Figure 2.15 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Define
platform, networking, and logging options
MySQL Installer- MySQL Server Configuration: Define platform,
networking, and logging options
Next, choose your account information. Defining a root password is
required, whereas it's optional to create additional users. There
are several different predefined user roles that each have
different permission levels. For example, a
"DB Admin"
will have
more privileges than a
"DB Designer."
.
Figure 2.16 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: User
accounts
MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: User accounts
Note
If the MySQL Server is already installed, then the Current Root
Password will also be needed.
Next, configure the Windows Service Details. This includes the
service name, how the MySQL Server should be loaded at startup,
and how the Windows Service for MySQL Server will be run.
Figure 2.17 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Windows
service details
MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Windows service
details
Note
When configuring Run Windows Services as ... using a Custom User,
the custom user must have privileges to log on to Windows as a
service. And the Next button will be disabled until this user is
given these user rights.
On Microsoft Windows 7, this is configured by loading the Start
Menu, Control Panel, Administrative Tools, Local Security Policy,
Local Policies, User Rights Assignment, then Log On As A Service.
Choose Add User or Group here to add the custom user, and then OK,
OK to save.
The final configuration step is available if the Advanced
Configuration option was checked, and it includes configuration
options related to log file names:
Figure 2.18 MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Logging
options
MySQL Installer - MySQL Server Configuration: Logging options
After the MySQL Installer configuration process is completed, you
may save the installation log, and then load MySQL Workbench if
the Start MySQL Workbench after Setup option is checked:
Figure 2.19 MySQL Installer - Installation Complete
MySQL Installer - Installation Complete
You can now open MySQL Installer from the Microsoft Windows Start
menu under the MySQL group, which will load the MySQL Installer
Maintenance Screen. This is used to add, update, and remove
features.
Figure 2.20 MySQL Installer - Maintenance Screen
MySQL Installer - Maintenance Screen
Note
An Update Screen screen is shown if MySQL Installer is used on a
machine with older products installed, as opposed to the
Maintenance Screen shown above. However, the functionality remains
the same.
Add/Modify Products and Features will list all installed and
available MySQL products.
Figure 2.21 MySQL Installer - Add/Modify Products and Features
MySQL Installer - Add/Modify Products and Features
The installation is now complete. MySQL Server should be running,
and most MySQL products installed and available for use.
See also the MySQL Workbench documentation
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/).
2.3.3.2 MySQL Installer Console
MySQLInstallerConsole provides functionality similar to the GUI
version of MySQL Installer, but from the command-line. It is
installed when MySQL Installer is initially executed, and then
available within the MySQL Installer directory. Typically that is
in C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Installer\, and the console
must be executed with administrative privileges.
To use, invoke the Command Prompt with administrative privileges
by choosing Start, Accessories, then right-click on Command Prompt
and choose Run as administrator. And from the command-line,
optionally change the directory to where MySQLInstallerConsole is
located:
C:\> cd
"C:\Program Files (x86)\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Installer"
MySQLInstallerConsole supports the following options, which are
specified on the command line:
* --help, -h, or -?
Displays a help message with usage examples, and then exits.
C:\> MySQLInstallerConsole --help
* --updates (or -u)
Checks for new products before any further action is taken.
Disabled by default.
* --nowait
Skips the final pause when the program finishes. Otherwise, a
"Press Enter to
continue
."
dialogue is generated. It is used
in conjunction with other options.
* --catalog=catalog_name (or -c)
Sets the default catalog. Use --list to view a list of
available catalogs.
* --type=installation_type (or -t)
Sets the installation type.
The possible values for installation_type are: developer,
server, client, full, and custom.
* --action=action_name
The action being performed.
The possible values are: install, remove, upgrade, list, and
status.
+ install: Installs a product or products, as defined by
--products
+ upgrade: Upgrades a product or products, as defined by
--products.
+ remove: Removes a product or products, as defined by
--products.
+ list: Lists the product manifest, both installed and
available products.
+ status: Shows the status after another action is
performed.
* --product=product_name[:feature1],[feature2], [...] (or -p)
Set the feature list of a product. Use --list to view
available products, or pass in --product=* (an asterisk) to
install all available products.
* --config=product_name:passwd=root_password[;parameter1=value],
[;parameter2=value], ...
The configuration parameters for the most recently listed
products.
* --user=product_name:name=username,host:hostname,role=rolename,
password=password or
--user=product_name:name=username,host:hostname,role=rolename,
tokens=tokens
Creates a new user.
Requires: name, host, role, and the password or tokens. Tokens
are separated by pipe (
"|"
) characters.
2.3.4 MySQL Notifier
The MySQL Notifier is a tool that enables you to monitor and
adjust the status of your local and remote MySQL Server instances
through an indicator that resides in the system tray. The MySQL
Notifier also gives quick access to several MySQL GUI tools (such
as MySQL Workbench) through its context menu.
The MySQL Notifier is installed by MySQL Installer, and (by
default) will start-up when Microsoft Windows is started.
Note
To install, download and execute the MySQL Installer
(http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/), be sure the MySQL
Notifier product is selected, then proceed with the installation.
See the MySQL Installer manual for additional details.
For notes detailing the changes in each release of MySQL Notifier,
see the MySQL Notifier Release Notes
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql-notifier/en/).
Visit the MySQL Notifier forum
(http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?173) for additional MySQL
Notifier help and support.
Features include:
* Start, Stop, and Restart instances of the MySQL Server.
* Automatically detects (and adds) new MySQL Server services.
These are listed under Manage Monitored Items, and may also be
configured.
* The Tray icon changes, depending on the status. It's green if
all monitored MySQL Server instances are running, or red if at
least one service is stopped. The Update MySQL Notifier tray
icon based on service status option, which dictates this
behavior, is enabled by default for each service.
* Links to other applications like MySQL Workbench, MySQL
Installer, and the MySQL Utilities. For example, choosing
Configure Instance will load the MySQL Workbench Server
Administration window for that particular instance.
* If MySQL Workbench is also installed, then the Configure
Instance and SQL Editor options are available for local (but
not remote) MySQL instances.
* Monitoring of both local and remote MySQL instances.
Note
Remote monitoring is available since MySQL Notifier 1.1.0.
The MySQL Notifier resides in the system tray and provides visual
status information for your MySQL Server instances. A green icon
is displayed at the top left corner of the tray icon if the
current MySQL Server is running, or a red icon if the service is
stopped.
The MySQL Notifier automatically adds discovered MySQL Services on
the local machine, and each service is saved and configurable. By
default, the Automatically add new services whose name contains
option is enabled and set to mysql. Related Notifications Options
include being notified when new services are either discovered or
experience status changes, and are also enabled by default. And
uninstalling a service will also remove the service from the MySQL
Notifier.
Note
The Automatically add new services whose name contains option
default changed from
".*mysqld.*" to "
mysql
"
in Notifier 1.1.0.
Clicking the system tray icon will reveal several options, as seen
in the screenshots below:
The Service Instance menu is the main MySQL Notifier window, and
enables you to Stop, Start, and Restart the MySQL Server.
Figure 2.22 MySQL Notifier Service Instance menu
MySQL Notifier Service Instance menu
The Actions menu includes several links to external applications
(if they are installed), and a Refresh Status option to manually
refresh the status of all monitored services (in both local and
remote computers) and MySQL instances.
Note
The main menu will not show the Actions menu when there are no
services being monitored by MySQL Notifier.
Note
The Refresh Status feature is available since MySQL Notifier
1.1.0.
Figure 2.23 MySQL Notifier Actions menu
MySQL Notifier Actions menu
The Actions, Options menu configures MySQL Notifier and includes
options to:
* Use colorful status icons: Enables a colorful style of icons
for the tray of the MySQL Notifier.
* Run at Windows Startup: Allows the application to be loaded
when Microsoft Windows starts.
* Automatically Check For Updates Every # Weeks: Checks for a
new version of MySQL Notifier, and runs this check every #
weeks.
* Automatically add new services whose name contains: The text
used to filter services and add them automatically to the
monitored list of the local computer running MySQL Notifier,
and on remote computers already monitoring Windows services.
monitored services, and also filters the list of the Microsoft
Windows services for the Add New Service dialog.
Prior to version 1.1.0, this option was named
"
Automatically
add
new
services that match this pattern."
* Notify me when a service is automatically added: Will display
a balloon notification from the taskbar when a newly
discovered service is added to the monitored services list.
* Notify me when a service changes status: Will display a
balloon notification from the taskbar when a monitored service
changes its status.
Figure 2.24 MySQL Notifier Options menu
MySQL Notifier Options menu
The Actions, Manage Monitored Items menu enables you to configure
the monitored services and MySQL instances. First, with the
Services tab open:
Figure 2.25 MySQL Notifier Manage Services menu
MySQL Notifier Manage Services menu
The Instances tab is similar:
Figure 2.26 MySQL Notifier Manage Instances menu
MySQL Notifier Manage Instances menu
Adding a service or instance (after clicking Add in the Manage
Monitored Items window) enables you to select a running Microsoft
Windows service or instance connection, and configure MySQL
Notifier to monitor it. Add a new service or instance by clicking
service name from the list, then OK to accept. Multiple services
and instances may be selected.
Figure 2.27 MySQL Notifier Adding new services
MySQL Notifier Adding new services
And instances:
Figure 2.28 MySQL Notifier Adding new instances
MySQL Notifier Adding new instances
Note
The Instances tab available since MySQL Notifier 1.1.0.
2.3.4.1 Remote monitoring set up and installation instructions
The MySQL Notifier uses Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
to manage and monitor services in remote computers running Windows
XP or later. This guide explains how it works, and how to set up
your system to monitor remote MySQL instances.
Note
Remote monitoring is available since MySQL Notifier 1.1.0.
In order to configure WMI, it is important to understand that the
underlying Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) architecture
is doing the WMI work. Specifically, MySQL Notifier is using
asynchronous notification queries on remote Microsoft Windows
hosts as .NET events. These events send an asynchronous callback
to the computer running the MySQL Notifier so it knows when a
service status has changed on the remote computer. Asynchronous
notifications offer the best performance compared to
semisynchronous notifications or synchronous notifications that
use timers.
Asynchronous notifications requires the remote computer to send a
callback to the client computer (thus opening a reverse
connection), so the Windows Firewall and DCOM settings must be
properly configured for the communication to function properly.
Figure 2.29 MySQL Notifier Distributed Component Object Model
(DCOM)
MySQL Notifier Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
Most of the common errors thrown by asynchronous WMI notifications
are related to Windows Firewall blocking the communication, or to
DCOM / WMI settings not being set up properly. For a list of
common errors with solutions, see Section 2.3.4.1,
"."
The following steps are required to make WMI function. These steps
are divided between two machines. A single host computer that runs
MySQL Notifier (Computer A), and multiple remote machines that are
being monitored (Computer B).
Computer running MySQL Notifier (Computer A)
1. Allow for remote administration by either editing the Group
Policy Editor, or using NETSH:
Using the Group Policy Editor:
a. Click Start, click Run, type GPEDIT.MSC, and then click
OK.
b. Under the Local Computer Policy heading, double-click
Computer Configuration.
c. Double-click Administrative Templates, then Network,
Network Connections, and then Windows Firewall.
d. If the computer is in the domain, then double-click
Domain Profile; otherwise, double-click Standard Profile.
e. Click Windows Firewall: Allow inbound remote
administration exception.
f. On the Action menu either select Edit, or double-click
the selection from the previous step.
g. Check the Enabled radio button, and then click OK.
Using the NETSH command:
a. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights
(you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click
Run as Administrator).
b. Execute the following command:
NETSH firewall set service RemoteAdmin enable
2. Open the DCOM port TCP 135:
a. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights
(you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click
Run as Administrator) .
b. Execute the following command:
NETSH firewall add portopening protocol=tcp port=135 name=DCOM_TCP135
3. Add the client application which contains the sink for the
callback (MySqlNotifier.exe) to the Windows Firewall
Exceptions List (use either the Windows Firewall configuration
or NETSH):
Using the Windows Firewall configuration:
a. In the Control Panel, double-click Windows Firewall.
b. In the Windows Firewall window's left panel, click Allow
a program or feature through Windows Firewall.
c. In the Allowed Programs window, click Change Settings.
d. If MySqlNotifier.exe is in the Allowed programs and
features list, make sure it is checked for the type of
networks the computer connects to (Private, Public or
both).
e. If MySqlNotifier.exe is not in the list, click Allow
another program....
f. In the Add a Program window, select the MySqlNotifier.exe
if it exists in the Programs list, otherwise click
Browse... and go to the directory where MySqlNotifier.exe
was installed to select it, then click Add.
g. Make sure MySqlNotifier.exe is checked for the type of
networks the computer connects to (Private, Public or
both).
Using the NETSH command:
a. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights
(you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click
Run as Administrator).
b. Execute the following command, where you change
"[YOUR_INSTALL_DIRECTORY]"
:
NETSH firewall add allowedprogram program=[YOUR_INSTALL_DIRECTORY]\My
SqlNotifier.exe name=MySqlNotifier
4. If Computer B is either a member of WORKGROUP or is in a
different domain that is untrusted by Computer A, then the
callback connection (Connection 2) is created as an Anonymous
connection. To grant Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access
permissions:
a. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.
b. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component
Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My
Computer and click Properties.
c. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM
Security tab.
d. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.
e. In the Access Permission dialog box, select ANONYMOUS
LOGON name in the Group or user names box. In the Allow
column under Permissions for User, select Remote Access,
and then click OK.
Monitored Remote Computer (Computer B)
If the user account that is logged into the computer running the
MySQL Notifier (Computer A) is a local administrator on the remote
computer (Computer B), such that the same account is an
administrator on Computer B, you can skip to the
"Allow
for
remote
administration
"
step.
Setting DCOM security to allow a non-administrator user to access
a computer remotely:
1. Grant
"DCOM remote launch"
and activation permissions for a
user or group:
a. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.
b. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component
Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My
Computer and click Properties.
c. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM
Security tab.
d. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.
e. In the Launch Permission dialog box, follow these steps
if your name or your group does not appear in the Groups
or user names list:
i. In the Launch Permission dialog box, click Add.
ii. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog
box, add your name and the group in the
"
Enter the
object
names to select"
box, and then click OK.
f. In the Launch Permission dialog box, select your user and
group in the Group or user names box. In the Allow column
under Permissions for User, select Remote Launch, select
Remote Activation, and then click OK.
Grant DCOM remote access permissions:
a. Click Start, click Run, type DCOMCNFG, and then click OK.
b. In the Component Services dialog box, expand Component
Services, expand Computers, and then right-click My
Computer and click Properties.
c. In the My Computer Properties dialog box, click the COM
Security tab.
d. Under Access Permissions, click Edit Limits.
e. In the Access Permission dialog box, select ANONYMOUS
LOGON name in the Group or user names box. In the Allow
column under Permissions for User, select Remote Access,
and then click OK.
2. Allowing non-administrator users access to a specific WMI
namespace:
a. In the Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools.
b. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click Computer
Management.
c. In the Computer Management window, expand the Services
and Applications tree and double-click the WMI Control.
d. Right-click the WMI Control icon and select Properties.
e. In the WMI Control Properties window, click the Security
tab.
f. In the Security tab, select the namespace and click
Security.
g. Locate the appropriate account and check Remote Enable in
the Permissions list.
3. Allow for remote administration by either editing the Group
Policy Editor or using NETSH:
Using the Group Policy Editor:
a. Click Start, click Run, type GPEDIT.MSC, and then click
OK.
b. Under the Local Computer Policy heading, double-click
Computer Configuration.
c. Double-click Administrative Templates, then Network,
Network Connections, and then Windows Firewall.
d. If the computer is in the domain, then double-click
Domain Profile; otherwise, double-click Standard Profile.
e. Click Windows Firewall: Allow inbound remote
administration exception.
f. On the Action menu either select Edit, or double-click
the selection from the previous step.
g. Check the Enabled radio button, and then click OK.
Using the NETSH command:
a. Open a command prompt window with Administrative rights
(you can right-click the Command Prompt icon and click
Run as Administrator).
b. Execute the following command:
NETSH firewall set service RemoteAdmin enable
4. Now, be sure the user you are logging in with uses the Name
value and not the Full Name value:
a. In the Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools.
b. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click Computer
Management.
c. In the Computer Management window, expand the System
Tools then Local Users and Groups.
d. Click the Users node, and on the right side panel locate
your user and make sure it uses the Name value to
connect, and not the Full Name value.
5. If the remote computer is running on Windows XP Professional,
make sure that remote logins are not being forcefully changed
to the guest account user (also known as ForceGuest), which is
enabled by default on computers that are not attached to a
domain.
a. Click Start, click Run, type SECPOL.MSC, and then click
OK.
b. Under the Local Policies node, double-click Security
Options.
c. Select Network Access: Sharing and security model for
local accounts and save.
Common Errors
* 0x80070005
+ DCOM Security was not configured properly (see Computer
B, the Setting DCOM security... step).
+ The remote computer (Computer B) is a member of WORKGROUP
or is in a domain that is untrusted by the client
computer (Computer A) (see Computer A, the Grant
Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access permissions
step).
* 0x8007000E
+ The remote computer (Computer B) is a member of WORKGROUP
or is in a domain that is untrusted by the client
computer (Computer A) (see Computer A, the Grant
Anonymous connections DCOM Remote Access permissions
step).
* 0x80041003
+ Access to the remote WMI namespace was not configured
properly (see Computer B, the Allowing non-administrator
users access to a specific WMI namespace step).
* 0x800706BA
+ The DCOM port is not open on the client computers
(Computer A) firewall. See the Open the DCOM port TCP 135
step for Computer A.
+ The remote computer (Computer B) is inaccessible because
its network location is set to Public. Make sure you can
access it through the Windows Explorer.
2.3.5 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip
Archive
Users who are installing from the noinstall package can use the
instructions in this section to manually install MySQL. The
process for installing MySQL from a Zip archive is as follows:
1. Extract the archive to the desired install directory
2. Create an option file
3. Choose a MySQL server type
4. Start the MySQL server
5. Secure the default user accounts
This process is described in the sections that follow.
2.3.5.1 Extracting the Install Archive
To install MySQL manually, do the following:
1. If you are upgrading from a previous version please refer to
Section 2.3.7,
"Upgrading
MySQL
on Windows,"
before beginning
the upgrade process.
2. Make sure that you are logged in as a user with administrator
privileges.
3. Choose an installation location. Traditionally, the MySQL
server is installed in C:\mysql. The MySQL Installer installs
MySQL under C:\Program Files\MySQL. If you do not install
MySQL at C:\mysql, you must specify the path to the install
directory during startup or in an option file. See Section
2.3.5.2,
"Creating an Option
File
."
4. Extract the install archive to the chosen installation
location using your preferred Zip archive tool. Some tools may
extract the archive to a folder within your chosen
installation location. If this occurs, you can move the
contents of the subfolder into the chosen installation
location.
2.3.5.2 Creating an Option File
If you need to specify startup options when you run the server,
you can indicate them on the command line or place them in an
option file. For options that are used every time the server
starts, you may find it most convenient to use an option file to
specify your MySQL configuration. This is particularly true under
the following circumstances:
* The installation or data directory locations are different
from the default locations (C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL
Server 5.6 and C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data).
* You need to tune the server settings, such as memory, cache,
or InnoDB configuration information.
When the MySQL server starts on Windows, it looks for option files
in several locations, such as the Windows directory, C:\, and the
MySQL installation directory (for the full list of locations, see
Section 4.2.6,
"Using Option Files"
). The Windows directory
typically is named something like C:\WINDOWS. You can determine
its exact location from the value of the WINDIR environment
variable using the following command:
C:\> echo %WINDIR%
MySQL looks for options in each location first in the my.ini file,
and then in the my.cnf file. However, to avoid confusion, it is
best if you use only one file. If your PC uses a boot loader where
C: is not the boot drive, your only option is to use the my.ini
file. Whichever option file you use, it must be a plain text file.
Note
When using the MySQL Installer to install MySQL Server, it will
create the my.ini at the default location. And as of MySQL Server
5.5.27, the user running MySQL Installer is granted full
permissions to this new my.ini.
In other words, be sure that the MySQL Server user has permission
to read the my.ini file.
You can also make use of the example option files included with
your MySQL distribution; see Section 5.1.2,
"
Server Configuration
Defaults
."
An option file can be created and modified with any text editor,
such as Notepad. For example, if MySQL is installed in E:\mysql
and the data directory is in E:\mydata\data, you can create an
option file containing a [mysqld] section to specify values for
the basedir and datadir options:
[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=E:/mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=E:/mydata/data
Microsoft Windows path names are specified in option files using
(forward) slashes rather than backslashes. If you do use
backslashes, double them:
[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=E:\\mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=E:\\mydata\\data
The rules for use of backslash in option file values are given in
Section 4.2.6,
"Using Option Files."
The data directory is located within the AppData directory for the
user running MySQL.
If you would like to use a data directory in a different location,
you should copy the entire contents of the data directory to the
new location. For example, if you want to use E:\mydata as the
data directory instead, you must do two things:
1. Move the entire data directory and all of its contents from
the default location (for example C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL
Server 5.6\data) to E:\mydata.
2. Use a --datadir option to specify the new data directory
location each time you start the server.
2.3.5.3 Selecting a MySQL Server Type
The following table shows the available servers for Windows in
MySQL 5.6.
Binary Description
mysqld Optimized binary with named-pipe support
mysqld-debug Like mysqld, but compiled with full debugging and
automatic memory allocation checking
All of the preceding binaries are optimized for modern Intel
processors, but should work on any Intel i386-class or higher
processor.
Each of the servers in a distribution support the same set of
storage engines. The SHOW ENGINES statement displays which engines
a given server supports.
All Windows MySQL 5.6 servers have support for symbolic linking of
database directories.
MySQL supports TCP/IP on all Windows platforms. MySQL servers on
Windows also support named pipes, if you start the server with the
--enable-named-pipe option. It is necessary to use this option
explicitly because some users have experienced problems with
shutting down the MySQL server when named pipes were used. The
default is to use TCP/IP regardless of platform because named
pipes are slower than TCP/IP in many Windows configurations.
2.3.5.4 Starting the Server for the First Time
This section gives a general overview of starting the MySQL
server. The following sections provide more specific information
for starting the MySQL server from the command line or as a
Windows service.
The information here applies primarily if you installed MySQL
using the Noinstall version, or if you wish to configure and test
MySQL manually rather than with the GUI tools.
Note
The MySQL server will automatically start after using the MySQL
Installer, and the MySQL Notifier GUI can be used to
start/stop/restart at any time.
The examples in these sections assume that MySQL is installed
under the default location of C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server
5.6. Adjust the path names shown in the examples if you have MySQL
installed in a different location.
Clients have two options. They can use TCP/IP, or they can use a
named pipe if the server supports named-pipe connections.
MySQL for Windows also supports shared-memory connections if the
server is started with the --shared-memory option. Clients can
connect through shared memory by using the --protocol=MEMORY
option.
For information about which server binary to run, see Section
2.3.5.3,
"Selecting a
MySQL
Server Type."
Testing is best done from a command prompt in a console window (or
"DOS window"
). In this way you can have the server display status
messages in the window where they are easy to see. If something is
wrong with your configuration, these messages make it easier for
you to identify and fix any problems.
To start the server, enter this command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
--console
For a server that includes InnoDB support, you should see the
messages similar to those following as it starts (the path names
and sizes may differ):
InnoDB: The first specified datafile c:\ibdata\ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
InnoDB: Setting file c:\ibdata\ibdata1 size to 209715200
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be creat
ed
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile0 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be creat
ed
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile1 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile2 did not exist: new to be creat
ed
InnoDB: Setting log file c:\iblogs\ib_logfile2 size to 31457280
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: foreign key constraint system tables created
011024 10:58:25 InnoDB: Started
When the server finishes its startup sequence, you should see
something like this, which indicates that the server is ready to
service client connections:
mysqld: ready for connections
Version: '5.6.22' socket: '' port: 3306
The server continues to write to the console any further
diagnostic output it produces. You can open a new console window
in which to run client programs.
If you omit the --console option, the server writes diagnostic
output to the error log in the data directory (C:\Program
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data by default). The error log is
the file with the .err extension, and may be set using the
--log-error option.
Note
The accounts that are listed in the MySQL grant tables initially
have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set up
passwords for them using the instructions in Section 2.10.2,
"Securing the Initial
MySQL
Accounts."
2.3.5.5 Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line
The MySQL server can be started manually from the command line.
This can be done on any version of Windows.
Note
The MySQL Notifier GUI can also be used to start/stop/restart the
MySQL server.
To start the mysqld server from the command line, you should start
a console window (or
"DOS window"
) and enter this command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
The path to mysqld may vary depending on the install location of
MySQL on your system.
You can stop the MySQL server by executing this command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqladmin"
-u root
shutdown
Note
If the MySQL root user account has a password, you need to invoke
mysqladmin with the -p option and supply the password when
prompted.
This command invokes the MySQL administrative utility mysqladmin
to connect to the server and tell it to shut down. The command
connects as the MySQL root user, which is the default
administrative account in the MySQL grant system.
Note
Users in the MySQL grant system are wholly independent from any
login users under Microsoft Windows.
If mysqld doesn't start, check the error log to see whether the
server wrote any messages there to indicate the cause of the
problem. By default, the error log is located in the C:\Program
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data directory. It is the file with a
suffix of .err, or may be specified by passing in the --log-error
option. Alternatively, you can try to start the server as mysqld
--console; in this case, you may get some useful information on
the screen that may help solve the problem.
The last option is to start mysqld with the --standalone and
--debug options. In this case, mysqld writes a log file
C:\mysqld.trace that should contain the reason why mysqld doesn't
start. See Section 24.4.3,
"The DBUG Package."
Use mysqld --verbose --help to display all the options that mysqld
supports.
2.3.5.6 Customizing the PATH for MySQL Tools
To make it easier to invoke MySQL programs, you can add the path
name of the MySQL bin directory to your Windows system PATH
environment variable:
* On the Windows desktop, right-click the My Computer icon, and
select Properties.
* Next select the Advanced tab from the System Properties menu
that appears, and click the Environment Variables button.
* Under System Variables, select Path, and then click the Edit
button. The Edit System Variable dialogue should appear.
* Place your cursor at the end of the text appearing in the
space marked Variable Value. (Use the End key to ensure that
your cursor is positioned at the very end of the text in this
space.) Then enter the complete path name of your MySQL bin
directory (for example, C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server
5.6\bin)
Note
There must be a semicolon separating this path from any values
present in this field.
Dismiss this dialogue, and each dialogue in turn, by clicking
OK until all of the dialogues that were opened have been
dismissed. You should now be able to invoke any MySQL
executable program by typing its name at the DOS prompt from
any directory on the system, without having to supply the
path. This includes the servers, the mysql client, and all
MySQL command-line utilities such as mysqladmin and mysqldump.
You should not add the MySQL bin directory to your Windows
PATH if you are running multiple MySQL servers on the same
machine.
Warning
You must exercise great care when editing your system PATH by
hand; accidental deletion or modification of any portion of the
existing PATH value can leave you with a malfunctioning or even
unusable system.
2.3.5.7 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service
On Windows, the recommended way to run MySQL is to install it as a
Windows service, so that MySQL starts and stops automatically when
Windows starts and stops. A MySQL server installed as a service
can also be controlled from the command line using NET commands,
or with the graphical Services utility. Generally, to install
MySQL as a Windows service you should be logged in using an
account that has administrator rights.
Note
The MySQL Notifier GUI can also be used to monitor the status of
the MySQL service.
The Services utility (the Windows Service Control Manager) can be
found in the Windows Control Panel (under Administrative Tools on
Windows 2000, XP, Vista, and Server 2003). To avoid conflicts, it
is advisable to close the Services utility while performing server
installation or removal operations from the command line.
Installing the service
Before installing MySQL as a Windows service, you should first
stop the current server if it is running by using the following
command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqladmin"
-u root shutdown
Note
If the MySQL root user account has a password, you need to invoke
mysqladmin with the -p option and supply the password when
prompted.
This command invokes the MySQL administrative utility mysqladmin
to connect to the server and tell it to shut down. The command
connects as the MySQL root user, which is the default
administrative account in the MySQL grant system.
Note
Users in the MySQL grant system are wholly independent from any
login users under Windows.
Install the server as a service using this command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
--install
The service-installation command does not start the server.
Instructions for that are given later in this section.
To make it easier to invoke MySQL programs, you can add the path
name of the MySQL bin directory to your Windows system PATH
environment variable:
* On the Windows desktop, right-click the My Computer icon, and
select Properties.
* Next select the Advanced tab from the System Properties menu
that appears, and click the Environment Variables button.
* Under System Variables, select Path, and then click the Edit
button. The Edit System Variable dialogue should appear.
* Place your cursor at the end of the text appearing in the
space marked Variable Value. (Use the End key to ensure that
your cursor is positioned at the very end of the text in this
space.) Then enter the complete path name of your MySQL bin
directory (for example, C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server
5.6\bin), and there should be a semicolon separating this path
from any values present in this field. Dismiss this dialogue,
and each dialogue in turn, by clicking OK until all of the
dialogues that were opened have been dismissed. You should now
be able to invoke any MySQL executable program by typing its
name at the DOS prompt from any directory on the system,
without having to supply the path. This includes the servers,
the mysql client, and all MySQL command-line utilities such as
mysqladmin and mysqldump.
You should not add the MySQL bin directory to your Windows
PATH if you are running multiple MySQL servers on the same
machine.
Warning
You must exercise great care when editing your system PATH by
hand; accidental deletion or modification of any portion of the
existing PATH value can leave you with a malfunctioning or even
unusable system.
The following additional arguments can be used when installing the
service:
* You can specify a service name immediately following the
--install option. The default service name is MySQL.
* If a service name is given, it can be followed by a single
option. By convention, this should be
--defaults-file=file_name to specify the name of an option
file from which the server should read options when it starts.
The use of a single option other than --defaults-file is
possible but discouraged. --defaults-file is more flexible
because it enables you to specify multiple startup options for
the server by placing them in the named option file.
* You can also specify a --local-service option following the
service name. This causes the server to run using the
LocalService Windows account that has limited system
privileges. This account is available only for Windows XP or
newer. If both --defaults-file and --local-service are given
following the service name, they can be in any order.
For a MySQL server that is installed as a Windows service, the
following rules determine the service name and option files that
the server uses:
* If the service-installation command specifies no service name
or the default service name (MySQL) following the --install
option, the server uses the a service name of MySQL and reads
options from the [mysqld] group in the standard option files.
* If the service-installation command specifies a service name
other than MySQL following the --install option, the server
uses that service name. It reads options from the [mysqld]
group and the group that has the same name as the service in
the standard option files. This enables you to use the
[mysqld] group for options that should be used by all MySQL
services, and an option group with the service name for use by
the server installed with that service name.
* If the service-installation command specifies a
--defaults-file option after the service name, the server
reads options the same way as described in the previous item,
except that it reads options only from the named file and
ignores the standard option files.
As a more complex example, consider the following command:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
--install MySQL --defaults-file=C:\my-opts.cnf
Here, the default service name (MySQL) is given after the
--install option. If no --defaults-file option had been given,
this command would have the effect of causing the server to read
the [mysqld] group from the standard option files. However,
because the --defaults-file option is present, the server reads
options from the [mysqld] option group, and only from the named
file.
Note
On Windows, if the server is started with the --defaults-file and
--install options, --install must be first. Otherwise, mysqld.exe
will attempt to start the MySQL server.
You can also specify options as Start parameters in the Windows
Services utility before you start the MySQL service.
Starting the service
Once a MySQL server has been installed as a service, Windows
starts the service automatically whenever Windows starts. The
service also can be started immediately from the Services utility,
or by using a NET START MySQL command. The NET command is not case
sensitive.
When run as a service, mysqld has no access to a console window,
so no messages can be seen there. If mysqld does not start, check
the error log to see whether the server wrote any messages there
to indicate the cause of the problem. The error log is located in
the MySQL data directory (for example, C:\Program
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data). It is the file with a suffix
of .err.
When a MySQL server has been installed as a service, and the
service is running, Windows stops the service automatically when
Windows shuts down. The server also can be stopped manually by
using the Services utility, the NET STOP MySQL command, or the
mysqladmin shutdown command.
You also have the choice of installing the server as a manual
service if you do not wish for the service to be started
automatically during the boot process. To do this, use the
--install-manual option rather than the --install option:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
--install-m
anual
Removing the service
To remove a server that is installed as a service, first stop it
if it is running by executing NET STOP MySQL. Then use the
--remove option to remove it:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqld"
--remove
If mysqld is not running as a service, you can start it from the
command line. For instructions, see Section 2.3.5.5,
"
Starting
MySQL
from the Windows Command Line."
If you encounter difficulties during installation. see Section
2.3.6,
"Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows
MySQL
Server
Installation
."
2.3.5.8 Testing The MySQL Installation
You can test whether the MySQL server is working by executing any
of the following commands:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqlshow"
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqlshow"
-u root
mysql
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\mysqladmin"
version
status proc
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.6\bin\
mysql
"
test
If mysqld is slow to respond to TCP/IP connections from client
programs, there is probably a problem with your DNS. In this case,
start mysqld with the --skip-name-resolve option and use only
localhost and IP addresses in the Host column of the MySQL grant
tables.
You can force a MySQL client to use a named-pipe connection rather
than TCP/IP by specifying the --pipe or --protocol=PIPE option, or
by specifying . (period) as the host name. Use the --socket option
to specify the name of the pipe if you do not want to use the
default pipe name.
If you have set a password for the root account, deleted the
anonymous account, or created a new user account, then to connect
to the MySQL server you must use the appropriate -u and -p options
with the commands shown previously. See Section 4.2.2,
"
Connecting
to the
MySQL
Server."
For more information about mysqlshow, see Section 4.5.6,
"mysqlshow --- Display Database, Table, and Column Information."
2.3.6 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation
When installing and running MySQL for the first time, you may
encounter certain errors that prevent the MySQL server from
starting. This section helps you diagnose and correct some of
these errors.
Your first resource when troubleshooting server issues is the
error log. The MySQL server uses the error log to record
information relevant to the error that prevents the server from
starting. The error log is located in the data directory specified
in your my.ini file. The default data directory location is
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data, or
C:\ProgramData\Mysql on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008. The
C:\ProgramData directory is hidden by default. You need to change
your folder options to see the directory and contents. For more
information on the error log and understanding the content, see
Section 5.2.2,
"The Error
Log
."
For information regarding possible errors, also consult the
console messages displayed when the MySQL service is starting. Use
the NET START MySQL command from the command line after installing
mysqld as a service to see any error messages regarding the
starting of the MySQL server as a service. See Section 2.3.5.7,
"Starting
MySQL
as
a Windows Service."
The following examples show other common error messages you might
encounter when installing MySQL and starting the server for the
first time:
* If the MySQL server cannot find the mysql privileges database
or other critical files, it displays these messages:
System error 1067 has occurred.
Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables:
Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
These messages often occur when the MySQL base or data
directories are installed in different locations than the
default locations (C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6 and
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data, respectively).
This situation can occur when MySQL is upgraded and installed
to a new location, but the configuration file is not updated
to reflect the new location. In addition, old and new
configuration files might conflict. Be sure to delete or
rename any old configuration files when upgrading MySQL.
If you have installed MySQL to a directory other than
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6, ensure that the MySQL
server is aware of this through the use of a configuration
(my.ini) file. Put the my.ini file in your Windows directory,
typically C:\WINDOWS. To determine its exact location from the
value of the WINDIR environment variable, issue the following
command from the command prompt:
C:\> echo %WINDIR%
You can create or modify an option file with any text editor,
such as Notepad. For example, if MySQL is installed in
E:\mysql and the data directory is D:\MySQLdata, you can
create the option file and set up a [mysqld] section to
specify values for the basedir and datadir options:
[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=E:/mysql
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=D:/MySQLdata
Microsoft Windows path names are specified in option files
using (forward) slashes rather than backslashes. If you do use
backslashes, double them:
[mysqld]
# set basedir to your installation path
basedir=C:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\MySQL Server 5.6
# set datadir to the location of your data directory
datadir=D:\\MySQLdata
The rules for use of backslash in option file values are given
in Section 4.2.6,
"Using Option Files."
If you change the datadir value in your MySQL configuration
file, you must move the contents of the existing MySQL data
directory before restarting the MySQL server.
See Section 2.3.5.2,
"Creating an Option
File
."
* If you reinstall or upgrade MySQL without first stopping and
removing the existing MySQL service and install MySQL using
the MySQL Installer, you might see this error:
Error: Cannot create Windows service for MySql. Error: 0
This occurs when the Configuration Wizard tries to install the
service and finds an existing service with the same name.
One solution to this problem is to choose a service name other
than mysql when using the configuration wizard. This enables
the new service to be installed correctly, but leaves the
outdated service in place. Although this is harmless, it is
best to remove old services that are no longer in use.
To permanently remove the old mysql service, execute the
following command as a user with administrative privileges, on
the command line:
C:\> sc delete mysql
[SC] DeleteService SUCCESS
If the sc utility is not available for your version of
Windows, download the delsrv utility from
http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/tools/exi
sting/delsrv-o.asp and use the delsrv mysql syntax.
2.3.7 Upgrading MySQL on Windows
To upgrade MySQL on Windows, follow these steps:
1. Review Section 2.11.1,
"Upgrading
MySQL
,"
for additional
information on upgrading MySQL that is not specific to
Windows.
2. Always back up your current MySQL installation before
performing an upgrade. See Section 7.2,
"
Database Backup
Methods
."
3. Download the latest Windows distribution of MySQL from
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/.
4. Before upgrading MySQL, stop the server. If the server is
installed as a service, stop the service with the following
command from the command prompt:
C:\> NET STOP MySQL
If you are not running the MySQL server as a service, use
mysqladmin to stop it. For example, before upgrading from
MySQL 5.5 to 5.6, use mysqladmin from MySQL 5.5 as follows:
C:\>
"C:\Program Files\
MySQL
\
MySQL
Server 5.5\bin\mysqladmin"
-u root
shutdown
Note
If the MySQL root user account has a password, invoke
mysqladmin with the -p option and enter the password when
prompted.
5. Before upgrading to MySQL 5.6 from a version previous to
4.1.5, or from a version of MySQL installed from a Zip archive
to a version of MySQL installed with the MySQL Installation
Wizard, you must first manually remove the previous
installation and MySQL service (if the server is installed as
a service).
To remove the MySQL service, use the following command:
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqld --remove
If you do not remove the existing service, the MySQL
Installation Wizard may fail to properly install the new MySQL
service.
6. If you are using the MySQL Installer, start it as described in
Section 2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows Using
MySQL
Installer."
7. If you are upgrading MySQL from a Zip archive, extract the
archive. You may either overwrite your existing MySQL
installation (usually located at C:\mysql), or install it into
a different directory, such as C:\mysql5. Overwriting the
existing installation is recommended. However, for upgrades
(as opposed to installing for the first time), you must remove
the data directory from your existing MySQL installation to
avoid replacing your current data files. To do so, follow
these steps:
a. Unzip the Zip archive in some location other than your
current MySQL installation
b. Remove the data directory
c. Rezip the Zip archive
d. Unzip the modified Zip archive on top of your existing
installation
Alternatively:
a. Unzip the Zip archive in some location other than your
current MySQL installation
b. Remove the data directory
c. Move the data directory from the current MySQL
installation to the location of the just-removed data
directory
d. Remove the current MySQL installation
e. Move the unzipped installation to the location of the
just-removed installation
8. If you were running MySQL as a Windows service and you had to
remove the service earlier in this procedure, reinstall the
service. (See Section 2.3.5.7,
"Starting
MySQL
as
a Windows
Service
."
)
9. Restart the server. For example, use NET START MySQL if you
run MySQL as a service, or invoke mysqld directly otherwise.
10. As Administrator, run mysql_upgrade to check your tables,
attempt to repair them if necessary, and update your grant
tables if they have changed so that you can take advantage of
any new capabilities. See Section 4.4.7,
"mysql_upgrade ---
Check and Upgrade
MySQL
Tables."
11. If you encounter errors, see Section 2.3.6,
"
Troubleshooting a
Microsoft Windows
MySQL
Server Installation."
2.3.8 Windows Postinstallation Procedures
GUI tools exist that perform most of the tasks described below,
including:
* MySQL Installer: Used to install and upgrade MySQL products.
* MySQL Workbench: Manages the MySQL server and edits SQL
queries.
* MySQL Notifier: Starts, stops, or restarts the MySQL server,
and monitors its status.
* MySQL for Excel
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-for-excel/en/index.html):
Edits MySQL data with Microsoft Excel.
On Windows, you need not create the data directory and the grant
tables. MySQL Windows distributions include the grant tables with
a set of preinitialized accounts in the mysql database under the
data directory. Regarding passwords, if you installed MySQL using
the MySQL Installer, you may have already assigned passwords to
the accounts. (See Section 2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft
Windows Using
MySQL
Installer."
) Otherwise, use the
password-assignment procedure given in Section 2.10.2,
"
Securing
the Initial
MySQL
Accounts."
Before setting up passwords, you might want to try running some
client programs to make sure that you can connect to the server
and that it is operating properly. Make sure that the server is
running (see Section 2.3.5.4,
"Starting the Server
for
the First
Time
"
), and then issue the following commands to verify that you
can retrieve information from the server. You may need to specify
directory different from C:\mysql\bin on the command line. If you
used the MySQL Installer, the default directory is C:\Program
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6, and the mysql and mysqlshow client
programs are in C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin. See
Section 2.3.3,
"Installing
MySQL
on Microsoft Windows Using
MySQL
Installer
,"
for more information.
Use mysqlshow to see what databases exist:
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow
+--------------------+
| Databases |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
The list of installed databases may vary, but will always include
the minimum of mysql and information_schema. In most cases, the
test database will also be installed automatically.
The preceding command (and commands for other MySQL programs such
as mysql) may not work if the correct MySQL account does not
exist. For example, the program may fail with an error, or you may
not be able to view all databases. If you installed using MySQL
Installer, then the root user will have been created automatically
with the password you supplied. In this case, you should use the
-u root and -p options. (You will also need to use the -u root and
-p options if you have already secured the initial MySQL
accounts.) With -p, you will be prompted for the root password.
For example:
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow -u root -p
Enter password: (enter root password here)
+--------------------+
| Databases |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
If you specify a database name, mysqlshow displays a list of the
tables within the database:
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysqlshow mysql
Database: mysql
+---------------------------+
| Tables |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
Use the mysql program to select information from a table in the
mysql database:
C:\> C:\mysql\bin\mysql -e
"SELECT Host,Db,User FROM
mysql
.db"
+------+--------+------+
| host | db | user |
+------+--------+------+
| % | test | |
| % | test_% | |
+------+--------+------+
For more information about mysqlshow and mysql, see Section 4.5.6,
"mysqlshow --- Display Database, Table, and Column Information,"
and Section 4.5.1,
"
mysql
--- The
MySQL
Command-Line Tool."
If you are running a version of Windows that supports services,
you can set up the MySQL server to run automatically when Windows
starts. See Section 2.3.5.7,
"Starting
MySQL
as
a Windows
Service
."
