Matcher类:
使用Matcher类,最重要的一个概念必须清楚: 组(Group) ,在正则表达式中
()定义了一个组,由于一个正则表达式可以包含很多的组,所以下面先说说怎么划分组的,
以及这些组和组的下标怎么对应的.
下面我们看看一个小例子,来说明这个问题
使用Matcher类,最重要的一个概念必须清楚: 组(Group) ,在正则表达式中
()定义了一个组,由于一个正则表达式可以包含很多的组,所以下面先说说怎么划分组的,
以及这些组和组的下标怎么对应的.
下面我们看看一个小例子,来说明这个问题
引用
\w(\d\d)(\w+)
这个正则表达式有三个组:
整个\w(\d\d)(\w+) 是第0组 group(0)
(\d\d)是第1组 group(1)
(\w+)是第2组 group(2)
我们看看和正则表达式匹配的一个字符串x99SuperJava,
group(0)永远都是匹配整个表达式的字符串的那部分x99SuperJava
group(1)是第1组(\d\d)匹配的部分:99
group(2)是第二组(\w+)匹配的那部分SuperJava
下面我们写一个程序来验证一下:
- package edu.jlu.fuliang;
- import java.util.regex.Matcher;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- public class RegexTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String regex = "\\w(\\d\\d)(\\w+)" ;
- String candidate = "x99SuperJava" ;
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidate);
- if (matcher.find()){
- int gc = matcher.groupCount();
- for ( int i = 0 ; i <= gc; i++)
- System.out.println( "group " + i + " :" + matcher.group(i));
- }
- }
- }
package edu.jlu.fuliang; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class RegexTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String regex = "\\w(\\d\\d)(\\w+)"; String candidate = "x99SuperJava"; Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidate); if(matcher.find()){ int gc = matcher.groupCount(); for(int i = 0; i <= gc; i++) System.out.println("group " + i + " :" + matcher.group(i)); } } }
输出结果:
引用
group 0
99SuperJava
group 1 :99
group 2 :SuperJava
group 1 :99
group 2 :SuperJava
下面我们看看Matcher类提供的方法:
public Pattern pattern()
这个方法返回了,创建Matcher的那个pattern对象。
下面我们看看一个小例子来说明这个结果
- import java.util.regex.*;
- public class MatcherPatternExample{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- test();
- }
- public static void test(){
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile( "\\d" );
- Matcher m1 = p.matcher( "55" );
- Matcher m2 = p.matcher( "fdshfdgdfh" );
- System.out.println(m1.pattern() == m2.pattern());
- //return true
- }
- }
import java.util.regex.*; public class MatcherPatternExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ test(); } public static void test(){ Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d"); Matcher m1 = p.matcher("55"); Matcher m2 = p.matcher("fdshfdgdfh"); System.out.println(m1.pattern() == m2.pattern()); //return true } }
public Matcher reset()
这个方法将Matcher的状态重新设置为最初的状态。
public Matcher reset(CharSequence input)
重新设置Matcher的状态,并且将候选字符序列设置为input后进行Matcher,
这个方法和重新创建一个Matcher一样,只是这样可以重用以前的对象。
public int start()
这个方法返回了,Matcher所匹配的字符串在整个字符串的的开始下标:
下面我们看看一个小例子
- public class MatcherStartExample{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- test();
- }
- public static void test(){
- //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.start() method
- String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond." ;
- String matchHelper[] =
- { " ^" , " ^" };
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile( "Bond" );
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString);
- //Find the starting point of the first 'Bond'
- matcher.find();
- int startIndex = matcher.start();
- System.out.println(candidateString);
- System.out.println(matchHelper[ 0 ] + startIndex);
- //Find the starting point of the second 'Bond'
- matcher.find();
- int nextIndex = matcher.start();
- System.out.println(candidateString);
- System.out.println(matchHelper[ 1 ] + nextIndex);
- }
public class MatcherStartExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ test(); } public static void test(){ //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.start() method String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond."; String matchHelper[] = {" ^"," ^"}; Pattern p = Pattern.compile("Bond"); Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString); //Find the starting point of the first 'Bond' matcher.find(); int startIndex = matcher.start(); System.out.println(candidateString); System.out.println(matchHelper[0] + startIndex); //Find the starting point of the second 'Bond' matcher.find(); int nextIndex = matcher.start(); System.out.println(candidateString); System.out.println(matchHelper[1] + nextIndex); }
输出结果:
My name is Bond. James Bond.
^11
My name is Bond. James Bond.
^23
public int start(int group)
这个方法可以指定你感兴趣的sub group,然后返回sup group匹配的开始位置。
public int end()
这个和start()对应,返回在以前的匹配操作期间,由给定组所捕获子序列的最后字符之后的偏移量。
其实start和end经常是一起配合使用来返回匹配的子字符串。
public int end(int group)
和public int start(int group)对应,返回在sup group匹配的子字符串最后一个字符在整个字符串下标加一
public String group()
返回由以前匹配操作所匹配的输入子序列。
这个方法提供了强大而方便的工具,他可以等同使用start和end,然后对字符串作substring(start,end)操作。
看看下面一个小例子:
- import java.util.regex.*;
- public class MatcherGroupExample{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- test();
- }
- public static void test(){
- //create a Pattern
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile( "Bond" );
- //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.group() method
- String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond." ;
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString);
- //extract the group
- matcher.find();
- System.out.println(matcher.group());
- }
- }
import java.util.regex.*; public class MatcherGroupExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ test(); } public static void test(){ //create a Pattern Pattern p = Pattern.compile("Bond"); //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.group() method String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond."; Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString); //extract the group matcher.find(); System.out.println(matcher.group()); } }
public String group(int group)
这个方法提供了强大而方便的工具,可以得到指定的group所匹配的输入字符串
应为这两个方法经常使用,同样我们看一个小例子:
- import java.util.regex.*;
- public class MatcherGroupParamExample{
- public static void main(String args[]){
- test();
- }
- public static void test(){
- //create a Pattern
- Pattern p = Pattern.compile( "B(ond)" );
- //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.group(int) method
- String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond." ;
- //create a helpful index for the sake of output
- Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString);
- //Find group number 0 of the first find
- matcher.find();
- String group_0 = matcher.group( 0 );
- String group_1 = matcher.group( 1 );
- System.out.println( "Group 0 " + group_0);
- System.out.println( "Group 1 " + group_1);
- System.out.println(candidateString);
- //Find group number 1 of the second find
- matcher.find();
- group_0 = matcher.group( 0 );
- group_1 = matcher.group( 1 );
- System.out.println( "Group 0 " + group_0);
- System.out.println( "Group 1 " + group_1);
- System.out.println(candidateString);
- }
- }
import java.util.regex.*; public class MatcherGroupParamExample{ public static void main(String args[]){ test(); } public static void test(){ //create a Pattern Pattern p = Pattern.compile("B(ond)"); //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.group(int) method String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond."; //create a helpful index for the sake of output Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString); //Find group number 0 of the first find matcher.find(); String group_0 = matcher.group(0); String group_1 = matcher.group(1); System.out.println("Group 0 " + group_0); System.out.println("Group 1 " + group_1); System.out.println(candidateString); //Find group number 1 of the second find matcher.find(); group_0 = matcher.group(0); group_1 = matcher.group(1); System.out.println("Group 0 " + group_0); System.out.println("Group 1 " + group_1); System.out.println(candidateString); } }
public int groupCount()
这个方法返回了,正则表达式的匹配的组数。
public boolean matches()
尝试将整个区域与模式匹配。这个要求整个输入字符串都要和正则表达式匹配。
和find不同, find是会在整个输入字符串查找匹配的子字符串。
public boolean find()
find会在整个输入中寻找是否有匹配的子字符串,一般我们使用find的流程:
- while (matcher.find()){
- //在匹配的区域,使用group,replace等进行查看和替换操作
- }
while(matcher.find()){ //在匹配的区域,使用group,replace等进行查看和替换操作 }
public boolean find(int start)
从输入字符串指定的start位置开始查找。
public boolean lookingAt()
基本上是matches更松约束的一个方法,尝试将从区域开头开始的输入序列与该模式匹配
public Matcher appendReplacement (StringBuffer sb, String replacement)
你想把My name is Bond. James Bond. I would like a martini中的Bond换成Smith
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- String replacement = "Smith" ;
- Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile( "Bond" );
- Matcher matcher =pattern.matcher( "My name is Bond. James Bond. I would like a martini." );
- while (matcher.find()){
- matcher.appendReplacement(sb,replacement); //结果是My name is Smith. James Smith
- }
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String replacement = "Smith"; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Bond"); Matcher matcher =pattern.matcher("My name is Bond. James Bond. I would like a martini."); while(matcher.find()){ matcher.appendReplacement(sb,replacement);//结果是My name is Smith. James Smith }
Matcher对象会维护追加的位置,所以我们才能不断地使用appendReplacement来替换所有的匹配。
public StringBuffer appendTail(StringBuffer sb)
这个方法简单的把为匹配的结尾追加到StringBuffer中。在上一个例子的最后再加上一句:
matcher.appendTail(sb);
结果就会成为My name is Smith. James Smith. I would like a martini.
public String replaceAll(String replacement)
这个是一个更方便的方法,如果我们想替换所有的匹配的话,我们可以简单的使用replaceAll就ok了。
是:
- while (matcher.find()){
- matcher.appendReplacement(sb,replacement); //结果是My name is Smith. James Smith
- }
- matcher.appendTail(sb);
while(matcher.find()){ matcher.appendReplacement(sb,replacement);//结果是My name is Smith. James Smith } matcher.appendTail(sb);
的更便捷的方法。
- public String replaceFirst(String replacement)
public String replaceFirst(String replacement)
这个与replaceAll想对应很容易理解,就是只替换第一个匹配的。