在JSP里,获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
如果使用了反向代理软件,将http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理为 http://www.javapeixun.com.cn / 的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客 户端的真实IP。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是 在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问 http://www.javapeixun.com.cn /index.jsp/ 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046 /index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过 request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:
- public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
- if (request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" ) == null ) {
- return request.getRemoteAddr();
- }
- return request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" );
- }
public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) { if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) { return request.getRemoteAddr(); } return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); }
可是当我访问http://www.5a520.cn /index.jsp/ 时,返回的IP地址始终是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110了,而我访问 http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp 时,则能返回客户端的真实IP地址,写了个方法去验证。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 项默认是为on,如果 forwarded_for 设成了 off 则:X-Forwarded-For: unknown
于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:
- public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
- String ip = request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" );
- if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getHeader( "Proxy-Client-IP" );
- }
- if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getHeader( "WL-Proxy-Client-IP" );
- }
- if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
- ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
- }
- return ip;
- }
public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); } return ip; }
可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串Ip值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢?
答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。
如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110
最近做一个安全系统,需要对用户的 ip 和 mac 地址进行验证,这里用到获取客户端ip和mac地址的两个方法,留存。
1.获取客户端ip地址( 这个必须从客户端传到后台):
jsp页面下,很简单,request.getRemoteAddr() ;
因为系统的VIew层是用JSF来实现的,因此页面上没法直接获得类似request,在bean里做了个强制转换
- public String getMyIP() {
- try {
- FacesContext fc = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
- HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)fc.getExternalContext().getRequest();
- return request.getRemoteAddr();
- }
- catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return "" ;
- }
public String getMyIP() { try { FacesContext fc = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance(); HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)fc.getExternalContext().getRequest(); return request.getRemoteAddr(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return ""; }
2.获取客户端mac地址
调用window的命令,在后台Bean里实现 通过ip来获取mac地址。方法如下:
- public String getMACAddress(String ip){
- String str = "" ;
- String macAddress = "" ;
- try {
- Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "nbtstat -A " + ip);
- InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream());
- LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);
- for ( int i = 1 ; i < 100 ; i++) {
- str = input.readLine();
- if (str != null ) {
- if (str.indexOf( "MAC Address" ) > 1 ) {
- macAddress = str.substring(str.indexOf( "MAC Address" ) + 14 , str.length());
- break ;
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace(System.out);
- }
- return macAddress;
- }
public String getMACAddress(String ip){ String str = ""; String macAddress = ""; try { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("nbtstat -A " + ip); InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()); LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir); for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) { str = input.readLine(); if (str != null) { if (str.indexOf("MAC Address") > 1) { macAddress = str.substring(str.indexOf("MAC Address") + 14, str.length()); break; } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } return macAddress; }
补充:
关于获取IP地址的方式,最近在linux下有一个教训,如果单纯通过InetAddress来获取IP地址,就会出现在不同的机器上IP地址不同的问题。
InetAddress.getLocalHost().getAddress() 实际上是根据hostname来获取IP地址的。linux系统在刚刚装完默认的hostname是localhost,所以通过上面代码获取到的本机 ip就是127.0.0.1, 相对应,比如我的hostname就是rjlin.atsig.com 返回的ip地址确是atsig.com的地址。暂时采用下面代码来处理,当然还不够灵活:
- public static byte [] getIp() throws UnknownHostException {
- byte [] b = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getAddress();
- Enumeration allNetInterfaces = null ;
- try {
- allNetInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
- } catch (SocketException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- InetAddress ip = null ;
- NetworkInterface netInterface = null ;
- while (allNetInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
- netInterface = (NetworkInterface) allNetInterfaces.nextElement();
- if (netInterface.getName().trim().equals( "eth0" )){
- Enumeration addresses = netInterface.getInetAddresses();
- while (addresses.hasMoreElements()) {
- ip = (InetAddress) addresses.nextElement();
- }
- break ;
- }
- }
- if (ip != null && ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
- return b = ip.getAddress();
- }
- return b;
-
}