没有了static, Singleton怎么办?

系统 2081 0

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Singleton 的标准实现

Singleton 模式是 GOF 23 个模式中最简单地,也是使用地比较广泛地一个模式。其结构如下图所示 :

没有了static, Singleton怎么办?

其实现大家应该都很了解,不了解的就 Google 一下,要多少有多少,也可以参考附件中的 SingletonStd

生活有时不那么美好

Singleton C++ 实现依赖于静态变量的使用,在可以使用静态变量的环境中,生活是美好的,可是这个世界上也存在不支持静态变量 (Brew,Symbian ,etc) 或者对静态变量的使用有诸多限制 (Brew Mobile Platform 不能在函数中使用静态变量 ) 的平台。在这种情况,你可能会嘟囔地骂编译器,并发誓说没有这个模式照样可以工作,但是我可以打赌,你不是认真地,你只不过是发发牢骚而已,最后要面对的依然是怎样让才能让 Singleton work 起来。

在实际工作中,我采用一种比较直接的方案,现记录下来以飨大家,同时欢迎大家多多拍砖,只是在拍的同时务请告知更好地解决办法。

搁哪儿啊

在你接受了现实,并开始思考解决方案的时候,第一个拦在你面前问题一定是: Singleton 该搁哪儿?天无绝人之路,对于不能使用静态变量的平台,一般来说都有一个代表那个 applet 的实例,它在程序启动时创建,在程序结束时销毁。而且会提供一个 help function ,让你可以在程序的任意地方获得这个实例。为了叙述方便,我把这个 Applet 取名为 AppInstance, 那个可以获取它 help function GetAppInstance() 。这样我们就可以把 Singleton 存在这个 AppInstance 中。可以在控制台中这样模拟 AppInstance GetAppInstance:

#ifndef APPINSTANCE_HPP

#define APPINSTANCE_HPP

#include <vector>

#include <map>

#include <string>

using std::vector;

using std::string;

using std::map;

typedef void (*releaseFun)( void );

class AppInstance

{

public :

~AppInstance();

static AppInstance* GetInstance();

void RegisterSingleton( const string& strName, void * pSingleton);

void RegisterSingletonReleaseFun(releaseFun relFun);

void *& GetSingleton( const string& strName);

private :

map<string, void *> m_vSingleton; //store the instance of Singleton: (key,value) -- (name,pointer)

vector<releaseFun> m_vSingletonReleaseFun; //store the destructor of singleton

};

extern AppInstance* GetAppInstance();

#endif

这样你就可以将 Singleton 存到 AppInstance 之中,在附件 Singleton 之中,你会发现 AppInstance GetInstance 中使用了静态变量,这只是为了在控件台中模拟才这样的,在实际中你会有创建 AppInstance 的时机的。

如果平台只支持类的静态变量,而不支持函数内的静态变量,我想大家都知道该存哪儿,我就不多唠叨了。

Singleton 的析构。

在平台支持静态变量的时候,我们可以像下面一样优雅地搞扼这个问题 :

Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance( void )

{

static Singleton g_oInstance;

return &g_oInstance;

}

对于不支持在函数内定义静态变量的平台,我也在百度上搜得一极具创意的实现,如下:

#ifndef _SINGLETONCHEAT_H

#define _SINGLETONCHEAT_H

#include <iostream>

using std::cout;

using std::endl;

class Singleton

{

public :

static Singleton* GetInstance()

{

if (0 == Singleton::g_pInstance)

{

Singleton::g_pInstance = new Singleton;

}

return Singleton::g_pInstance;

}

~Singleton()

{

cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;

}

private :

Singleton()

{

cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;

}

class SingletonCollector

{

public:

~SingletonCollector()

{

delete Singleton::g_pInstance;

}

};

static SingletonCollector collector;

static Singleton* g_pInstance;

};

Singleton* Singleton::g_pInstance = NULL;

Singleton::SingletonCollector Singleton::collector = Singleton::SingletonCollector();

#endif

如果平台干脆不支持静态变量,解决办法就不那么优雅了,你说可能会说在 AppInstance 中一个个地删除就行了啊,我完全同意,可是我们要小心:

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 1. <!-- [endif]--> AppInstance 不知道每个 Singleton ,直接 delete 那个 void* ,只相当于 delete 了个 int ,用户会抱怨内存用完了。

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 2. <!-- [endif]--> 如果你将 Singleton 的头文件包含进来,那么就会引入那讨人厌的信赖,让你的维护成本一下子提高几倍。

有两种方案可以解决这个问题:

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 1. <!-- [endif]--> 让所有的 Singleton 从一个基类派 SingletonBase 生而来,将让这个基类的析构函数为虚,注册 Singleton 的时候传进的指针不再是 void* 而是 SingletonBase*

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 2. <!-- [endif]--> 为每个 Singleton 注册一个 release 函数到 AppInstance , 我就是这么干的。

实现

解决掉上面的两个问题后, Singleton 的方便之门又为我们打开了。不过我是个懒人,不想每次写一个单例都要循规蹈矩地写一大堆代码,虽然我不喜欢宏,但是在这里它确实可以帮我,所以我就再破例使用一次 , 由于实现有差不多 100 行,大家自行参考 Singleton.zip 中的 SingletonDef.h ,其中,我定义了三个宏 :

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 1. <!-- [endif]--> DECLARE_SINGLETON(Singleton) : 用于在定义类时申明它是一个 Singleton

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 2. <!-- [endif]--> BEGIN_IMPLEMENT_SINGLETON(Singleton): 在实现类时开始实例化 Singleton ;

<!-- [if !supportLists]--> 3. <!-- [endif]--> END_IMPLEMENT_SINGLETON(Singleton) :结束 Singleton 的实例化。

现在,要写一个单例, 3 句话就搞定啦 , 看下面这个例子 ( 见附件中的 Singleton.zip):

//==================================file Singleton.h=============================================

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H

#define _SINGLETON_H

#include "SingletonDef.h"

class Singleton

{

DECLARE_SINGLETON(Singleton);

Singleton();

public :

~Singleton();

public :

void fun( void );

};

#endif

//==============================file Singleton.cpp==============================================================

#include "Singleton.h"

#include <iostream>

using std::cout;

using std::endl;

BEGIN_IMPLEMENT_SINGLETON(Singleton)

Singleton();

END_IMPLEMENT_SINGLETON(Singleton)

Singleton::Singleton()

{

cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;

}

Singleton::~Singleton()

{

cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;

}

void Singleton::fun( void )

{

cout<<__FUNCTION__<<endl;

}

最后要谢谢一下chengxiong兄,给我指出了一个白痴地错误

没有了static, Singleton怎么办?


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