基本功能是有一架飞机,可以通过键盘控制使其左右移动,并且喷射子弹。在飞机上方有一群外星人,也在左右移动着,被子弹击中的外星人消失。效果图如下:
设计思路:
1)Ship类,Bullet类,Alien类分别表示飞船,子弹,外星人的基本信息,例如飞机和外星人图像存储位置,生成子弹的位置。
ship.py
import pygame
class Ship():
"""docstring for ship"""
def __init__(self, ai_settings,screen):
""" 初始化飞船,设置初始位置 """
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
#将每艘飞船放到屏幕底部中央
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
#在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
#移动标志
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
""" 根据移动位置调整飞船位置"""
#更新center值
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
#self.rect.centerx += 1
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
#self.rect.centerx -= 1
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
""" 在指定位置绘制飞船 """
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
bullet.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
super(Bullet,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形,再设置正确位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,
ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
#存储用小数表示的子弹位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
"""向上移动子弹"""
#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.y -= self.speed_factor
#更新表示子弹的rect位置
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
alien.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""单个外星人的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化外星人位置"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
#加载外星人图像,并设置rect属性
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人最初都在左上角
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
#存储外星人的准确位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
"""检测外星人是否位于屏幕边缘,是则返回True"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
"""向右移动外星人"""
self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *
self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
2.将飞船,子弹,外星具体的设置,例如颜色,大小,屏幕宽度高度,外星人子弹数量,放到Seeting类
setting.py
class Settings():
""" 存储《外星人入侵的所有设置的类》 """
def __init__(self):
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
#飞船速度
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.ship_limit = 3
#子弹设置
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.bullet_width = 30
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
self.bullets_allowed = 3
#外星人设置
self.alien_speed_factor = 1
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
#fleet_direction为1表示向右移动,-1表示向左移动
self.fleet_direction = 1
3.游戏的大部分几乎所有的功能,包括根据键盘方向移动飞船,发射子弹,创建外星人群,子弹击中外星人,外星人撞到飞船,外星人移动到边缘。。。等一系列功能的实现写到game_functions.py中
game_function.py
import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
""" 响应按键"""
#飞船向右移动
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
#飞船向左移动
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
"""响应松开"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
""" 响应按键和鼠标事件 """
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新屏幕上的图像,并切换到新屏幕"""
#每次循环时,都重新绘制屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
#在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
#让最近绘制的屏幕可见
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新子弹位置,删除已消失的子弹"""
bullets.update()
#删除已消失的子弹
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collision(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
#响应子弹和外星人的碰撞
#检查是否有子弹击中外星人
#如果是这样,就删除相应的子弹和外星人
collision = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
if len(aliens) == 0:
#删除现有的子弹,并新建一群外星人
bullets.empty()
creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
#创建一颗子弹,并将其加入到编组bullets中
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
"""计算可容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height)
- ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
#计算每行可容纳多少外星人
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
#创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien_x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
"""创建外星人群"""
#创建一个外星人群,并计算一行可以容纳多少外星人
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
#创建第一行外星人
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
#创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
creat_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,
alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
"""有外星人到达边缘时,采取的措施"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,alien):
"""整群外星人下移,并改变它们的方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应外星人撞到地球"""
#将ships_left 减1
if stats.ship_left > 0:
stats.ship_left -= 1
else:
stats.game_active = False
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人,并将飞船放到屏幕底部中央
creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
#暂停0.5s
sleep(0.5)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端"""
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
#像飞船被撞到一样进行处理
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,sliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查外星人是否位于屏幕边缘,更新外星人的位置"""
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
#检查外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
#检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
4.GameStats类用于跟踪游戏统计信息,记录飞船被撞次数,重置统计信息
game_stats.py
class GameStats():
"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
def __init__(self, ai_settings):
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
#游戏刚启动时处于活动状态
self.game_active = True
def reset_stats(self):
"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
5.在alien_invasion.py中创建游戏需要用到的对象,实例化并调用各个功能,直接运行该文件便可开始游戏
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
def run_game():
#初始化游戏并创建一个对象
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
#创建一个用于存储游戏统计的信息的实例
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
#设置背景颜色,代表红色,绿色,蓝色
bg_color = (230,230,230)
#创建一艘飞船
ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
#创建一个用于存储子弹的编组
bullets = Group()
#创建一个外星人编组
aliens = Group()
#创建外星人群
gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
#开始游戏循环
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
run_game()
⚠️如果你使用的是Mac版本为10.14,python 版本为3.7时,可能会出现不兼容的情况,运行程序出现空白的情况,解决办法请参考以下博客
运行pygame不显示图片