在上一次 查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥 一文中，我们总结出， startup.bat文件的作用就是找到catalina.bat文件，然后把参数传递给它，在startup.bat中，调用catalina.bat的命令 call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%，其中"%EXECUTABLE%"这个就是catalina.bat文件，这个命令至少向catalina.bat传递一个参数--start.
接下来看一下catalina.bat中的内容，内容很长：
1
@echo
off
2
rem
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3
rem
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4
rem
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5
rem
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6
rem
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7
rem
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8
rem
9
rem
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10
rem
11
rem
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12
rem
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13
rem
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14
rem
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15
rem
limitations under the License.
16
17
if
"%OS%" == "Windows_NT"
setlocal
18
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
rem
Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
20
rem
21
rem
Environment Variable Prerequisites
22
rem
23
rem
CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
24
rem
25
rem
CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
26
rem
of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
27
rem
the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
28
rem
29
rem
CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
30
rem
or "run" command is executed.
31
rem
32
rem
CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
33
rem
the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
34
rem
%CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
35
rem
36
rem
JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
37
rem
Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
38
rem
39
rem
JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
40
rem
Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
41
rem
42
rem
JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
43
rem
"stop", or "run" command is executed.
44
rem
45
rem
JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
46
rem
containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
47
rem
created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
48
rem
It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
49
rem
Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
50
rem
51
rem
JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
52
rem
command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
53
rem
54
rem
JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
55
rem
command is executed. The default is 8000.
56
rem
57
rem
JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
58
rem
command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
59
rem
execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
60
rem
61
rem
JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
62
rem
command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
63
rem
and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
64
rem
options MUST be specified. The default is:
65
rem
66
rem
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
67
rem
address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
68
rem
69
rem
LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
70
rem
Example (all one line)
71
rem
set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
72
rem
73
rem
LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
74
rem
Example (all one line)
75
rem
set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
76
rem
77
rem
TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
78
rem
TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
79
rem
Example (all one line)
80
rem
set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
81
rem
82
rem
83
rem
84
rem
$Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
85
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
86
87
rem
Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
88
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
mainEntry
89
if
""%TEMP%"" == """"
goto
mainEntry
90
if
exist
"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
goto
mainEntry
91
echo
Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
92
if
not
exist
"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
goto
mainEntry
93
echo
Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
94
call
"%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
95
rem
Use provided errorlevel
96
set
RETVAL=%
ERRORLEVEL
%
97
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
98
exit
/
B %RETVAL%
99
:mainEntry
100
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1
101
102
rem
Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
103
set
"CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
104
if
not
"%CATALINA_HOME%" == ""
goto
gotHome
105
set
"CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
106
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
goto
okHome
107
cd
..
108
set
"CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
109
cd
"%CURRENT_DIR%"
110
:gotHome
111
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
goto
okHome
112
echo
The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is
not
defined correctly
113
echo
This environment variable is needed to
run
this program
114
goto
end
115
:okHome
116
117
rem
Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
118
rem
but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
119
set
CLASSPATH=
120
121
rem
Get standard environment variables
122
if
"%CATALINA_BASE%" == ""
goto
gotSetenvHome
123
if
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
call
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
124
goto
gotSetenvBase
125
:gotSetenvHome
126
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
call
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
127
:gotSetenvBase
128
129
rem
Get standard Java environment variables
130
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
goto
okSetclasspath
131
echo
Cannot
find
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
132
echo
This file is needed to
run
this program
133
goto
end
134
:okSetclasspath
135
set
"BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
136
call
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
%1
137
if
errorlevel
1
goto
end
138
139
rem
Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
140
rem
Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
141
rem
quotes into the CLASSPATH
142
if
"%CLASSPATH%" == ""
goto
emptyClasspath
143
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
144
:emptyClasspath
145
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
146
147
if
not
"%CATALINA_BASE%" == ""
goto
gotBase
148
set
"CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
149
:gotBase
150
151
if
not
"%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == ""
goto
gotTmpdir
152
set
"CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
153
:gotTmpdir
154
155
rem
Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
156
rem
tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
157
if
not
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto
juliClasspathHome
158
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
159
goto
juliClasspathDone
160
:juliClasspathHome
161
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
162
:juliClasspathDone
163
164
if
not
"%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == ""
goto
noJuliConfig
165
set
LOGGING_CONFIG=
-Dnop
166
if
not
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
goto
noJuliConfig
167
set
LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
168
:noJuliConfig
169
set
JAVA_OPTS=
%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%
170
171
if
not
"%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == ""
goto
noJuliManager
172
set
LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.
ClassLoaderLogManager
173
:noJuliManager
174
set
JAVA_OPTS=
%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
175
176
rem
----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------
177
178
echo
Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
179
echo
Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
180
echo
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
181
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
use_jdk
182
echo
Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
183
goto
java_dir_displayed
184
:use_jdk
185
echo
Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
186
:java_dir_displayed
187
echo
Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
188
189
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJAVA%
190
set
MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.
Bootstrap
191
set
ACTION=
start
192
set
SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
193
set
DEBUG_OPTS=
194
set
JPDA=
195
196
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""jpda""
goto
noJpda
197
set
JPDA=
jpda
198
if
not
"%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaTransport
199
set
JPDA_TRANSPORT=
dt_socket
200
:gotJpdaTransport
201
if
not
"%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaAddress
202
set
JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
203
:gotJpdaAddress
204
if
not
"%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaSuspend
205
set
JPDA_SUSPEND=
n
206
:gotJpdaSuspend
207
if
not
"%JPDA_OPTS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaOpts
208
set
JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib
:jdwp
=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=
%JPDA_SUSPEND%
209
:gotJpdaOpts
210
shift
211
:noJpda
212
213
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
doDebug
214
if
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
doRun
215
if
""
%1
"" == ""
start
""
goto
doStart
216
if
""
%1
"" == ""stop""
goto
doStop
217
if
""
%1
"" == ""version""
goto
doVersion
218
219
echo
Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
220
echo
commands:
221
echo
debug
Start
Catalina in a debugger
222
echo
debug
-security
Debug
Catalina with a security manager
223
echo
jpda
start
Start
Catalina under JPDA debugger
224
echo
run
Start
Catalina in the current window
225
echo
run
-security
Start
in the current window with security manager
226
echo
start
Start
Catalina in a separate window
227
echo
start
-security
Start
in a separate window with security manager
228
echo
stop Stop Catalina
229
echo
version What version of tomcat are you running?
230
goto
end
231
232
:doDebug
233
shift
234
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJDB%
235
set
DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
236
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
237
shift
238
echo
Using Security Manager
239
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
240
goto
execCmd
241
242
:doRun
243
shift
244
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
245
shift
246
echo
Using Security Manager
247
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
248
goto
execCmd
249
250
:doStart
251
shift
252
if
not
"%OS%" == "Windows_NT"
goto
noTitle
253
if
"%TITLE%" == ""
set
TITLE=
Tomcat
254
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
"%TITLE%"
%_RUNJAVA%
255
goto
gotTitle
256
:noTitle
257
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
%_RUNJAVA%
258
:gotTitle
259
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
260
shift
261
echo
Using Security Manager
262
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
263
goto
execCmd
264
265
:doStop
266
shift
267
set
ACTION=
stop
268
set
CATALINA_OPTS=
269
goto
execCmd
270
271
:doVersion
272
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.
ServerInfo
273
goto
end
274
275
276
:execCmd
277
rem
Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
278
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=
279
:setArgs
280
if
""
%1
""==""""
goto
doneSetArgs
281
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS%
%1
282
shift
283
goto
setArgs
284
:doneSetArgs
285
286
rem
Execute Java with the applicable properties
287
if
not
"%JPDA%" == ""
goto
doJpda
288
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurity
289
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
290
goto
end
291
:doSecurity
292
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
293
goto
end
294
:doJpda
295
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurityJpda
296
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
297
goto
end
298
:doSecurityJpda
299
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
300
goto
end
301
302
:end
在第1行，和第17行中的内容已经在前一章中做出说明，在此处不再敖述，我对于18-85行的这段注释比较感兴趣：
1
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
rem
Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
3
rem
4
rem
Environment Variable Prerequisites
5
rem
6
rem
CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
7
rem
8
rem
CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
9
rem
of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
10
rem
the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
11
rem
12
rem
CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
13
rem
or "run" command is executed.
14
rem
15
rem
CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
16
rem
the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
17
rem
%CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
18
rem
19
rem
JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
20
rem
Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
21
rem
22
rem
JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
23
rem
Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
24
rem
25
rem
JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
26
rem
"stop", or "run" command is executed.
27
rem
28
rem
JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
29
rem
containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
30
rem
created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
31
rem
It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
32
rem
Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
33
rem
34
rem
JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
35
rem
command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
36
rem
37
rem
JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
38
rem
command is executed. The default is 8000.
39
rem
40
rem
JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
41
rem
command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
42
rem
execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
43
rem
44
rem
JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
45
rem
command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
46
rem
and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
47
rem
options MUST be specified. The default is:
48
rem
49
rem
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
50
rem
address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
51
rem
52
rem
LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
53
rem
Example (all one line)
54
rem
set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
55
rem
56
rem
LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
57
rem
Example (all one line)
58
rem
set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
59
rem
60
rem
TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
61
rem
TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
62
rem
Example (all one line)
63
rem
set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
64
rem
65
rem
66
rem
67
rem
$Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
68
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
这段的内容就是说明一下在启动和停止CATALINA server时候需要的一下先决条件，CATALINA_HOME--看到这个大家可能会有点疑问，如果在操作系统上没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量的时候，那么这个变量应该是不存在的丫，是怎么回事呢？是不是？下面我们还是用测试来说明问题：我在F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin目录下创建一个test.bat文件，文件内容如下：
@echo
off
set
CURRENT_DIR=%
cd
%
test2
.bat
意思很简单，只是将%cd%变量的值赋给CURRENT_DIR变量，然后调用test2.bat文件，test2.bat文件的内容如下：
echo
%CURRENT_DIR%
只是简单的输出%CURRENT_DIR%变量，让我们先运行test.bat文件，查看%CURRENT_DIR%变量是否能够正确输出：
结果正确显示了，但是如果我们直接运行test2.bat文件会有什么结果呢？
结果显示不正常，这个测试就说明由test.bat调用test2.bat文件时候，test.bat中定义的变量在test2.bat中可见，就是CURRENT_DIR变量的生命周期范围并不是仅限于本文件，也能加深对于setlocal方法的理解。回到catalina.bat本身，也许我们本身没有设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量的习惯，但是回想一下上一节，在startup.bat中说到，如果没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量，startup.bat内会给CATALINA_HOME变量赋值，然后在catalina.bat中依然能够访问此变量。
这段注释说完之后，看一下88行：
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
mainEntry
如果接收到的第一个参数是run那么到:mainEntry节点，事实是我们从startup.bat调用的时候传递的第一个参数无疑是start，所以应该顺序执行到第89行，这里可能有人会有疑问，那什么时候第一个参数才是run呢？事情是这样的，因为并不是所有人都是跟我们一样直接使用startup.bat文件启动，因为startup.bat文件也只不过就是找到catalina.bat文件，然后照样传递参数，其实有经验的人大可直接使用catalina.bat文件来启动tomcat。这就是第一个参数为run的产生情况。接下来我们顺序执行到第89行。
看一下89行的内容：
if
""%TEMP%"" == """"
goto
mainEntry
如果TEMP变量为空，那么到mainEntry节点，这个时候我们就需要看看我们到底有没有这个TEMP变量，同样弄个小测试，写一个小的测试test.bat文件，文件内容如下：
@echo
off
echo
%TEMP%
查看执行结果：
记得在上一节中说过%TEMP%这个变量是从环境变量中读取的，所以也可以去环境变量中查看是不是有此值，来确定TEMP变量是不是存在，一问在startup.bat和catalina.bat并没有设置TEMP变量。查看环境变量：
因为TEMP存在，所以程序还需要顺序执行到90行，第90行的内容如下：
if
exist
"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
goto
mainEntry
这句话至少看起来有点蒙圈，尤其是\%~nx0.run这个东西，反正我第一次看见的时候我就想问问，这是毛啊，~nx0,下面看一下网上对于%~nx0的解释：
%~nx0 contains the name of the running batch file (without the
path
)
意思就是代表执行命令的文件的名字，我们来用实验证明一下，同样还是修改那个test.bat文件吧。;-)
@echo
off
echo
"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
如果按照上面的解释，那么输出的信息应该是C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp\test.bat.run，下面看一下运行结果：
咦事实证明说法正确，但是这个文件是不是存在呢，我们去TEMP目录下看一下,遗憾的是在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录没有找到这个文件，所以还得顺序执行到第91行，91行的内容是：
echo
Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
这个看起来很简单，既然不存在这个文件，那么我就自己创建一个，同时写入Y。也许你不信，所以我还是拿出个例子吧，还是test.bat呦：
@echo
off
echo
Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录下生成了test.bat.run文件，文件的内容果然为Y。至于生成的文件有何意义，以后再说。到现在位置我突然感慨，我很喜欢TOMCAT，它做了什么我都能知道，在接下来的一段时间内，我想把我看TOMCAT源代码的感受也下下来。也跟大家讨论一下TOMCAT的工作原理。有点远，扯回来，下面看一下92行的内容：
if
not
exist
"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
goto
mainEntry
这个一眼就看明白了，再次判断%~nx0.run文件是否存在，如果还是不存在，那么直接到mainEntry节点，由于我们此时此文件已经创建成功，那么顺序执行到第93行。
93行的内容为：
echo
Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
这个同91行命令，不再强调。顺序执行到92行。
92行的内容为：
call
"%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
看到之后感觉依然是蒙圈，这里面有两个点需要大家掌握：%~f0, %* 知道这两组符号是什么意思，就解决了。
%~f0:表示运行的文件的全路径，假如我在test.bat中如此写：
@echo
off
@echo
%%~f0 is %~f0
那么执行结果为：
OK。
%*：在batch file中，每一个命令的参数都以%1，%2，%3 .....的形式展现，我们也可以使用%来代替所有的参数，下面看修改万能测试文件test.bat中的内容如下：
@echo
off
echo
First argument: [
%1
]
echo
Second argument: [
%2
]
echo
Third argument: [
%3
]
echo
Fourth argument: [
%4
]
echo
Fifth argument: [
%4
]
echo
Entire
command
line: [%*]
查看运行结果：
意思就是将在catalina.bat文件中自己调用自己，传递参数Y，下面看一下测试，将test.bat中的内容改为：
@echo
off
call
"%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
查看运行结果，在程序运行了一段时间以后，得出如下结论：
很奇怪，奇怪亮点，为什么运行的时候会有停顿，第二，为什么会产生这个结果。下面解决这两个困惑，我觉得程序在运行的时候肯定是在后台运行什么操作了，所以我将test.bat中的内容改了一下：
call
"%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
然后再次运行，得到结果：
原来程序在输出最终结果之前一直到在调用自己，所以会有一个停顿的感觉。
第二：为什么会产生这个结果：
下面看第96行的内容：
set
RETVAL=%
ERRORLEVEL
%
在前面的的内容中可能给大家一种误解，所以在看到这句话的时候，不知道是不是也有人跟我似的直接去环境变量中找ERRORLEVEL的值，找不到之后觉得我在忽悠大家，下面我跟大家说说这个ERRORLEVEL。不知道大家是不是了解在Linux中的$?这个结果返回值，其实ERRORLEVEL和$?差不多，都是用来表示上次执行结果的，如果返回0说明执行正确，如果不是0说明执行失败。例如在test.bat中的内容：
call
%
ERRORLEVEL
%
执行结果：
下面看97行的内容：
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
这里面有/Q， >NUL， 2>&1需要跟大家解释一下：
/Q: 跟在del后面表示不需要交互式的删除。安静模式的意思。如在test.bat中的内容如下：
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
然后运行结果为：
此时文件系统中的文件确实已经被删除，只是在删除的过程中没有显示删除的过程，下面我们重新创建此文件，然后把/Q标记去掉以后在尝试一次：
>NUL 就是将输出输出到NUL中，这样有错误的情况下你什么都拿不到。
2>&1:2是值错误输出，&1是标准输出，意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出中
>NUL 2>&1的意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出，最后在重定向到NUL中，这样出现错误，你从表面上不会看出来。如果将test.bat中的删除操作执行多次，
@echo
off
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
看结果：
也不会显示异常，如果将>NUL 2>&1删除以后，再次执行：
@echo
off
del
/Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
结果就会显示出异常：
下面看第98行的内容：
exit
/B %RETVAL%
下面的mainEntry和gotHome节点的信息同前一节刚开始的内容一样，所有就不再说明，如果对此有什么疑问，请查看 查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥 一节。在接下来的部分中我想把115-137行的内容放在一起说明，因为他们分为两部分，分别引入setenv.bat和setclasspath.bat并执行，
:okHome
rem
Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem
but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set
CLASSPATH=
rem
Get standard environment variables
if
"%CATALINA_BASE%" == ""
goto
gotSetenvHome
if
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
call
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto
gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
call
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase
rem
Get standard Java environment variables
if
exist
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
goto
okSetclasspath
echo
Cannot
find
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo
This file is needed to
run
this program
goto
end
:okSetclasspath
set
"BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call
"%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
%1
if
errorlevel
1
goto
end
这部分的操作就是设置环境变量，由于在tomcat7.0.8版本中不存在setenv.bat所以就不说了，setclasspath.bat这个脚本很重要，浏览一下其中的内容：
@echo
off
rem
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem
limitations under the License.
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem
Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings
rem
are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the
rem
endorsed directory.
rem
rem
$Id: setclasspath.bat 964208 2010-07-14 21:24:45Z markt $
rem
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem
Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
if
not
"%JAVA_HOME%" == ""
goto
gotJdkHome
if
not
"%JRE_HOME%" == ""
goto
gotJreHome
echo
Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
echo
At least one of these environment variable is needed to
run
this program
goto
exit
:gotJreHome
if
not
exist
"%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
exist
"%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
okJavaHome
echo
JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to
run
in
debug
mode
.
goto
exit
:gotJdkHome
if
not
exist
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
exist
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
exist
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
exist
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe"
goto
noJavaHome
if
not
"%JRE_HOME%" == ""
goto
okJavaHome
set
"JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
goto
okJavaHome
:noJavaHome
echo
The JAVA_HOME environment variable is
not
defined correctly
echo
This environment variable is needed to
run
this program
echo
NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK
not
a JRE
goto
exit
:okJavaHome
if
not
"%BASEDIR%" == ""
goto
gotBasedir
echo
The BASEDIR environment variable is
not
defined
echo
This environment variable is needed to
run
this program
goto
exit
:gotBasedir
if
exist
"%BASEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
goto
okBasedir
echo
The BASEDIR environment variable is
not
defined correctly
echo
This environment variable is needed to
run
this program
goto
exit
:okBasedir
rem
Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
if
not
"%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == ""
goto
gotEndorseddir
rem
Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument
set
"JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%BASEDIR%\endorsed"
:gotEndorseddir
rem
Set standard command for invoking Java.
rem
Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start.
rem
Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
set
_RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"
set
_RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb"
goto
end
:exit
exit
/b 1
:end
exit
/b 0
其中就是关于JAVA环境的一些校验和变量的设置，重要性不言而喻，所以如果执行本步操作失败的情况下，程序将退出执行。
接下来是设置CLASSPATH的内容，看过前面的说明以后，对于下面的内容应该很容易就能看懂：
rem
Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem
Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem
quotes into the CLASSPATH
if
"%CLASSPATH%" == ""
goto
emptyClasspath
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
if
not
"%CATALINA_BASE%" == ""
goto
gotBase
set
"CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase
if
not
"%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == ""
goto
gotTmpdir
set
"CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir
rem
Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem
tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if
not
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto
juliClasspathHome
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto
juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set
"CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone
将tomcat-juli.jar和bootstrap.jar的全路径追加到CLASSPATH中，究竟这两个jar包是做什么的，不是本文的范畴，只说明这两个jar包需要在CLASSPATH中体现。
接下来是关于Log选项的问题：
if
not
"%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == ""
goto
noJuliConfig
set
LOGGING_CONFIG=
-Dnop
if
not
exist
"%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
goto
noJuliConfig
set
LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set
JAVA_OPTS=
%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%
if
not
"%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == ""
goto
noJuliManager
set
LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.
ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set
JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
内容很简单，一看就明白，所以也不多说了。
在前面准备了这么久，接下来终于到执行的时候了。下面看一下这段脚本：
rem
----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------
echo
Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo
Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
use_jdk
echo
Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto
java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo
Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo
Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJAVA%
set
MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.
Bootstrap
set
ACTION=
start
set
SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set
DEBUG_OPTS=
set
JPDA=
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""jpda""
goto
noJpda
set
JPDA=
jpda
if
not
"%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaTransport
set
JPDA_TRANSPORT=
dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if
not
"%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaAddress
set
JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if
not
"%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaSuspend
set
JPDA_SUSPEND=
n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if
not
"%JPDA_OPTS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaOpts
set
JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib
:jdwp
=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=
%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
doDebug
if
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
doRun
if
""
%1
"" == ""
start
""
goto
doStart
if
""
%1
"" == ""stop""
goto
doStop
if
""
%1
"" == ""version""
goto
doVersion
echo
Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo
commands:
echo
debug
Start
Catalina in a debugger
echo
debug
-security
Debug
Catalina with a security manager
echo
jpda
start
Start
Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo
run
Start
Catalina in the current window
echo
run
-security
Start
in the current window with security manager
echo
start
Start
Catalina in a separate window
echo
start
-security
Start
in a separate window with security manager
echo
stop Stop Catalina
echo
version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto
end
:doDebug
shift
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJDB%
set
DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
:doRun
shift
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
:doStart
shift
if
not
"%OS%" == "Windows_NT"
goto
noTitle
if
"%TITLE%" == ""
set
TITLE=
Tomcat
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
"%TITLE%"
%_RUNJAVA%
goto
gotTitle
:noTitle
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
%_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
:doStop
shift
set
ACTION=
stop
set
CATALINA_OPTS=
goto
execCmd
:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath
"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.
ServerInfo
goto
end
:execCmd
rem
Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if
""
%1
""==""""
goto
doneSetArgs
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS%
%1
shift
goto
setArgs
:doneSetArgs
rem
Execute Java with the applicable properties
if
not
"%JPDA%" == ""
goto
doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:end
前三行的内容是将当前设置的变量进行输出，
echo
Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo
Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
CATALINA_BASE，CATALINA_HOME，CATALINA_TMPDIR这三个变量在startup.bat或者catalina.bat中已经提前设置了，射出只是为了提示用户当前的运行环境，接下来看181-187行的内容：
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
use_jdk
echo
Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"
goto
java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo
Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo
Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"
在解释这段内容之前，我建议大家要对setclasspath.bat中的内容有所了解，因为setclasspath.bat中包含对与JRE_HOME,JAVA_HOME变量的逻辑处理和定义。这段内容的意思就是说如果catalina.bat接收到的第一个参数是debug,那么就到use_jdk节点，由于一般情况下我们是用startup.bat脚本调用catalina.bat脚本，所以第一个参数应该是start,所以应该顺序执行到182行 echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"，然后执行到java_dir_displayed节点，至于为什么 debug的时候不使用JRE_HOME这个变量 ，我们先记下，在以后的章节中在讨论。
在189-194行中是设置一些变量，内容如下：
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJAVA%
set
MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.
Bootstrap
set
ACTION=
start
set
SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set
DEBUG_OPTS=
set
JPDA=
这里面要说两点，%_RUNJAVA%变量和org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap，其中%_RUNJAVA%是在setclasspath.bat文件中定义的，其值为"%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"，
MAINCLASS写过JAVA程序的人应该都知道是做什么用的，关键是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap这个值是怎么来的，在哪里定义的，记得在catalina.bat中有过这么一个设置：CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar，其中org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap就是该jar包中的一个类。具体内容以及意义不再此展开。
第196行-211行是对jpda（）的处理，因为咱们没有涉及，关于jdpa的内容不在此展开，因为我们不涉及所以跳过此步骤：
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""jpda""
goto
noJpda
set
JPDA=
jpda
if
not
"%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaTransport
set
JPDA_TRANSPORT=
dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if
not
"%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaAddress
set
JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if
not
"%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaSuspend
set
JPDA_SUSPEND=
n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if
not
"%JPDA_OPTS%" == ""
goto
gotJpdaOpts
set
JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib
:jdwp
=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=
%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda
再次记下一个知识点JDPA。
下面到noJpda节点，内容如下：
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
doDebug
if
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
doRun
if
""
%1
"" == ""
start
""
goto
doStart
if
""
%1
"" == ""stop""
goto
doStop
if
""
%1
"" == ""version""
goto
doVersion
echo
Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo
commands:
echo
debug
Start
Catalina in a debugger
echo
debug
-security
Debug
Catalina with a security manager
echo
jpda
start
Start
Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo
run
Start
Catalina in the current window
echo
run
-security
Start
in the current window with security manager
echo
start
Start
Catalina in a separate window
echo
start
-security
Start
in a separate window with security manager
echo
stop Stop Catalina
echo
version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto
end
其中
if
""
%1
"" == ""
debug
""
goto
doDebug
if
""
%1
"" == ""
run
""
goto
doRun
if
""
%1
"" == ""
start
""
goto
doStart
if
""
%1
"" == ""stop""
goto
doStop
if
""
%1
"" == ""version""
goto
doVersion
是根据用户输入的具体命令，跳转到具体的处理节点，例如输入的命令，那么就到doStart节点，219行-230行的内容是，如果你输入的第一个参数不再预设的命令当中，给你的提示：
echo
Usage: catalina ( commands ... )
echo
commands:
echo
debug
Start
Catalina in a debugger
echo
debug
-security
Debug
Catalina with a security manager
echo
jpda
start
Start
Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo
run
Start
Catalina in the current window
echo
run
-security
Start
in the current window with security manager
echo
start
Start
Catalina in a separate window
echo
start
-security
Start
in a separate window with security manager
echo
stop Stop Catalina
echo
version What version of tomcat are you running?
goto
end
下面先看232行-240行的doDebug节点的内容：
:doDebug
shift
set
_EXECJAVA=
%_RUNJDB%
set
DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
同样%_RUNJDB%变量去setclasspath.bat文件中找定义，235行的内容配置DEBUG_OPTS，接下来是安全策略的问题，如果指定参数"-security"，那么就需要加载安全策略文件，安全策略文件为%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy，内容如下：
// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
under one or more
// contributor license agreements.
See the NOTICE file distributed with
// this work
for
additional information regarding copyright ownership.
// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may
not
use
this file except in compliance with
// the License. You may obtain a
copy
of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software
// distributed under the License is distributed
on
an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License
for
the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// ============================================================================
// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions
for
Tomcat 7
//
// This file contains a default
set
of security policies to be enforced (
by the
// JVM)
when
Catalina is executed with the "-security" option.
In addition
// to the permissions granted here,
the following additional permissions are
//
granted specific to each web application:
//
//
* Read access to its document root directory
// * Read,
write and delete access to its working directory
//
// $Id: catalina.policy 981453 2010-08-02 11:00:51Z markt $
// ============================================================================
// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================
//
These permissions apply to javac
grant codeBase
"file:${java.home}/lib/-"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
//
These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
grant codeBase
"file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
// These permissions apply to javac
when
${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/
jre
grant codeBase
"file:${java.home}/../lib/-"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
when
// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/
jre
grant codeBase
"file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================
//
These permissions apply to the daemon code
grant codeBase
"file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
//
These permissions apply to the logging API
// Note:
If
tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and
not
in ${catalina.home},
// update this section accordingly.
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..
}
grant codeBase
"file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
{
permission java
.io.
FilePermission
"${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
permission java
.io.
FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
permission java
.io.
FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
permission java
.io.
FilePermission
"${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader";
permission java
.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read";
// Note: To enable per context logging configuration,
permit read access to
// the appropriate file.
Be sure that the logging configuration is
// secure before enabling such access.
// E.g.
for
the examples web application:
// permission java.io.FilePermission "
${catalina.base}${file.separator}
// webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
// ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties
", "read";
}
;
//
These permissions apply to the server startup code
grant codeBase
"file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
//
These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
//
and those that are shared across all class loaders
// located in the "lib"
directory
grant codeBase
"file:${catalina.home}/lib/-"
{
permission java
.security.AllPermission;
}
;
//
If
using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
//
then
the following permission will need to be uncommented
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-"
{
// permission java.security.AllPermission;
// };
// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================
//
These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
// In addition,
a web application will be given a read FilePermission
// and JndiPermission
for
all
files
and directories in its document root.
grant {
// Required
for
JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
//
javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";
//
OS Specific properties to allow read access
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
//
JVM properties to allow read access
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";
// Required
for
OpenJMX
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";
// Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser
debug
permission java
.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";
//
All JSPs need to be able to read this package
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat";
// Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
permission java
.lang.
RuntimePermission
"accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";
// Precompiled JSPs need access to these system properties.
permission java
.util.
PropertyPermission
"org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER", "read";
permission java
.util.
PropertyPermission
"org.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO", "read";
// The cookie code needs these.
permission java
.util.
PropertyPermission
"org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE", "read";
permission java
.util.
PropertyPermission
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING", "read";
permission java
.util.
PropertyPermission
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR", "read";
//
Applications using Comet need to be able to access this package
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.comet";
}
;
//
The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
//
session display functionality
grant codeBase
"file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-"
{
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
permission java
.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
}
;
// You can
assign
additional permissions to particular web applications by
// adding additional "grant" entries here, based
on
the code base
for
that
// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar
files
.
//
// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages,
classes loaded from
// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar
files
in the /WEB-INF/lib/
// directory, or even to individual jar
files
in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
//
//
For
instance, assume that the standard "examples"
application
//
included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
//
corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
// the NOAA web server. You might create a "grant"
entries like this:
//
// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-"
{
// permission java.
net
.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
// permission java.
net
.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };
//
// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/
classes directory
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-"
{
// };
//
//
The permission granted to your JDBC driver
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-"
{
// permission java.
net
.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
// };
//
The permission granted to the scrape taglib
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-"
{
// permission java.
net
.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };
里面涉及到一些权限的设置，有兴趣大家可以仔细研究。最终执行execCmd节点的脚本。
242行-248行doRun节点内容如下：
:doRun
shift
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
内容同doDebug内容相似，只是判断是不是需要加载安全配置文件。
250行-263行的doStart节点：
:doStart
shift
if
not
"%OS%" == "Windows_NT"
goto
noTitle
if
"%TITLE%" == ""
set
TITLE=
Tomcat
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
"%TITLE%"
%_RUNJAVA%
goto
gotTitle
:noTitle
set
_EXECJAVA=
start
%_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if
not
""
%1
"" == ""-security""
goto
execCmd
shift
echo
Using Security Manager
set
"SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto
execCmd
主要内容就是，如果%OS%环境变量不是Windows_NT,那么不设置标题，直接判断是否需要加载安全配置文件，如果%OS%环境变量的值为Windows_NT,那么设置Title变量，如果没有指定Title变量，默认值为Tomcat,设置完_EXECJAVA变量以后，执行execCmd节点的脚本。
265行-269行的doStop节点，内容比较简单，主要就是设置一下ACTION变量，内容如下：
:doStop
shift
set
ACTION=
stop
set
CATALINA_OPTS=
goto
execCmd
271行-273行的doVersion节点，就是调用了一下"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar"中的org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo方法，内容如下：
:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath
"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.
ServerInfo
goto
end
下面真正的重点来了，execCmd节点，其中有和startup.bat中处理参与一样功能的节点setArgs,从279行-283行，循环读出参数中的内容追加到CMD_LINE_ARGS变量中，内容如下：
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if
""
%1
""==""""
goto
doneSetArgs
set
CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS%
%1
shift
goto
setArgs
286行-300行的内容就是真正的执行方法了，先看内容：
rem
Execute Java with the applicable properties
if
not
"%JPDA%" == ""
goto
doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
是不是有点长，是不是有点看不懂，是不是觉得很麻烦，不要着急，我想一个办法，更直观的观察这里面究竟是什么东西：下面我在这些脚本上添点东西，弄成这个样子：
rem
Execute Java with the applicable properties
if
not
"%JPDA%" == ""
goto
doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo
1 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo
2 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doJpda
if
not
"%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == ""
goto
doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo
3 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava
.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo
4 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
%MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto
end
:end
pause
其实很简单，就是把内容输出，然后为了能看清，我在后面加了个pause,嘿嘿，下面我从startup.bat启动catalina.bat以后看输出结果：
Using CATALINA_BASE: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_HOME:
"F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR:
"F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp"
Using JRE_HOME:
"E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40"
Using CLASSPATH:
"
F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomca
t-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar
"
1
start
"Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java" -Djava.util.
loggi
ng
.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.
logg
ing
.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs="
F:\apa
che-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed
" -classpath "
F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;
F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar
" -Dcatalina.base="
F:\apache-tomcat-7.
0.8
" -Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Djava.io.tmpdir="
F:\apache-tomcat
-7.0.8\temp
" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
start
请按任意键继续
. . .
分析一下结果得出如下结论：
_EXECJAVA=
start
"Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java"
JAVA_OPTS
= -Djava.util.logging.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties"
-Djava
.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.
ClassLoaderLogManager
CATALINA_OPTS
=
DEBUG_OPTS
=
-Djava
.endorsed.dirs="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed"
-classpath
"F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
-Dcatalina
.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
-Dcatalina
.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
-Djava
.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp"
MAINCLASS
=org.apache.catalina.startup.
Bootstrap
CMD_LINE_ARGS
= ACTION=
start
至于其他情况，大家自己研究吧，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。在文中有三处疑问（标红加粗字体），由于和本文关心不太大，在以后说明，如果谁愿意交流也可以写在评论中， 昨天晚上写了这些，脑袋都混乱了，好像如果有不正确的地方，欢迎大家指认。
