GitHub 简易使用

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笔记内容

学习笔记-段玉磊   Github

Github 命令

写这篇文章主要写一下如何运用终端命令,进行Git的配置以及使用,由于本人我不太习惯使用图形IDE,效率没有命令行高,我还是推荐使用命令行进行Git的使用。


简单介绍

简要说一下Git,Git只是一个版本控制工具,举例来说,我之前写一个多核归并算法,将文件保存命名为MergeSort.c,由于发现一个Bug,将一段段代码注释,显得很糟乱,之后就把自认为错误的代码删掉,保存后,发现之前删掉的代码没有错误,想返回的时候却没有办法回去了。这就要用到Git了。

如果想要删代码的时候,先把代码上传一下,通过 git push ,之后就算把代码全部删掉,也可以通过Git返回上一个时间点,如果修改多次,返回第一次修改的时间点的代码,也可以顺利的看到。

由于Git需要一个服务器,进行上传或者下载代码,因此,Github就是一个免费服务器,注册账户后就可以通过Github的IDE管理代码,并且清晰看到每个 git commit 后显示修改的代码。

GitHub的配置

安装并且配置 Git

首先去官方网站下载GitHub App,我是MAC用户,MAC的GitHub 选项中可以自动安装 Git osxkeychain helper ,如果是Linux可能需要手动安装 Git osxkeychain helper .

如果没有安装Git,就通过官方下载Git版本管理工具,下载并且安装 最新版本的Git .

安装好后通过以下命令来配置Git。下面的命令是我用我的用户名和邮箱进行设置。只配置一次就够了,当然不会每次配置用户名密码这么麻烦。

          
            $ git config --
            
              global
            
             user.name 
            
              "YuLei"
            
            
$ git config --
            
              global
            
             user.email 
            
              "suiyun@me.com"
            
          
        

如果是MAC,利用IDE自动装好Git帮助选项,就不需要通过命令行安装 osxkeychain ,上面命令配置好后,安装 osxkeychain ,通过以下命令:

          
            $ git credential-osxkeychain

            
              # Test for the cred helper
            
            
              git
            
            : 
            
              'credential-osxkeychain'
            
            
              is
            
            
              not
            
             a git command. See 
            
              'git --help'
            
            .
$ curl -s -O \
  
            
              https
            
            :
            
              //gi
            
            thub-media-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/osx/git-credential-osxkeychain

            
              # Download the helper
            
            

$ chmod u+x git-credential-osxkeychain

            
              # Fix the permissions on the file so it can be run
            
            


$ sudo mv git-credential-osxkeychain \
  
            
              "$(dirname $(which git))/git-credential-osxkeychain"
            
            
              # Move the helper to the path where git is installed
            
            
              Password
            
            : [enter your password]

$  git config --
            
              global
            
             credential.helper osxkeychain

            
              # Set git to use the osxkeychain credential helper
            
          
        

这样就配置好GitHub了。

GitHub 的基本使用

首先通过Git,新建一个项目,并且提交到Github上面去,现在IDE创建一个repository,然后找到giturl,通过 git clone 下载到本地。

          
            $ git 
            
              clone
            
             https:
            
              //github.com/dyulei/blog.git
            
            
              # 克隆到本地,但是无法上传更改,需要权限
            
            

$ mkdir Github & cd Github

            
              # 创建在本地管理远程项目的目录
            
            

$ touch README.md

            
              # 创建一个文件,由于Github需要一个说明文件
            
            

$ git add .

            
              # 增加要同步的目录中的所有文件
            
            

$ git commit -m 
            
              'first commit'
            
            
$ git commit -a 


            
              # -m是手动添加, -a 自动添加注释上传更新
            
            

$ git remote add Blog https:
            
              //github.com/dyulei/blog.git
            
            
              # 远程服务器别名:Blog 上传的地址:https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
            
            

$ git pull -u Blog master

            
              # 将服务器数据下载到本地文件夹
            
            

$ git push -u Blog master

            
              # 将服务器数据上传到远程服务器
            
            

$ git rm README.md

            
              # 从本地库中删除文件
            
          
        

关于分支版本的操作,创建并且合并分支,由于Git很多时候是一个团队在用,每个人都负责一小部分,最后合成一大部分,所以就要通过分支控制,最后进行合并。当然下面的代码是最容易的部分,GitHub具有相当强大的功能在分支版本控制上面。

          
            
              $ 
            
            git branch 

            
              # 显示当前分支是master
            
            
              $ 
            
            git branch new-feature

            
              # 创建分支
            
            
              $ 
            
            git checkout new-feature

            
              # 切换到新分支中
            
            
              $ 
            
            git add sort.c

            
              $ 
            
            git commit -a

            
              $ 
            
            git push origin new-feature

            
              # 将分支结构提交到远程服务器,但是没有和主干进行合并
            
            
              $ 
            
            git checkout master 

            
              # 切换的主干中去
            
            
              $ 
            
            git merge new-feature 

            
              # 把分支合并到主干中去
            
            
              $ 
            
            git branch

            
              $ 
            
            git push

            
              # 此时主干和分支已经合并
            
          
        

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GitHub 简易使用


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