requests是python实现的简单易用的HTTP库,使用起来比urllib简洁很多
因为是第三方库,所以使用前需要cmd安装
pip install requests
安装完成后import一下,正常则说明可以开始使用了。
基本用法:
requests.get()用于请求目标网站,类型是一个HTTPresponse类型
import requests response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') print(response.status_code) # 打印状态码 print(response.url) # 打印请求url print(response.headers) # 打印头信息 print(response.cookies) # 打印cookie信息print(response.text) #以文本形式打印网页源码 print(response.content) #以字节流形式打印
运行结果:
状态码:200
各种请求方式:
import requests requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post') requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put') requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete') requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get') requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
基本的get请求
import requests response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)
带参数的GET请求:
第一种直接将参数放在url内
import requests response = requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemey&age=22)print(response.text)
解析json
import requests response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print(response.text) print(response.json()) #response.json()方法同json.loads(response.text) print(type(response.json()))
案例之一:
import requests URL = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php' # 淘宝IP地址库API try: r = requests.get(URL, params={'ip': '8.8.8.8'}, timeout=1) r.raise_for_status() # 如果响应状态码不是 200,就主动抛出异常 except requests.RequestException as e: print(e) else: result = r.json() print(type(result), result, sep='\n')
使用 Requests 模块,上传文件也是如此简单的,文件的类型会自动进行处理:
import requests url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload' files = {'file': open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb')} #files = {'file': ('report.jpg', open('/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg', 'rb'))} #显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)
import requests url = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload' files = {'file': ('test.txt', b'Hello Requests.')} #必需显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)