导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据 - 军军小站|张军博客

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-- 导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据

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导入导入 Oracle 分区表数据是 Oracle DBA 经常完成的任务之一。分区表的导入导出同样普通表的导入导出方式，只不过导入导出需要考

虑到分区的特殊性，如分区索引，将分区迁移到普通表，或使用原始分区表导入到新的分区表。下面将描述使用 imp/exp ， impdp/expdp 导入导出

分区表数据。

有关分区表的特性请参考：

Oracle 分区表

SQL server 2005 切换分区表

SQL server 2005 基于已存在的表创建分区

有关导入导出工具请参考：

数据泵EXPDP 导出工具的使用

数据泵IMPDP 导入工具的使用

有关导入导出的官方文档请参考：

Original Export and Import

一、分区级别的导入导出

可以导出一个或多个分区，也可以导出所有分区 ( 即整个表 ) 。

可以导入所有分区 ( 即整个表 ) ，一个或多个分区以及子分区。

对于已经存在数据的表，使用 imp 导入时需要使用参数 IGNORE = y ，而使用 impdp ，加 table_exists_action = append | replace 参数。

二、创建演示环境

1. 查看当前数据库的版本

SQL > select * from v$version where rownum < 2 ;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

2. 创建一个分区表

SQL > alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd' ;

SQL > CREATE TABLE tb_pt (

sal_date DATE NOT NULL,

sal_id NUMBER NOT NULL,

sal_row NUMBER ( 12 ) NOT NULL)

partition by range ( sal_date )

(

partition sal_11 values less than ( to_date ( '2012-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_12 values less than ( to_date ( '2013-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_13 values less than ( to_date ( '2014-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_14 values less than ( to_date ( '2015-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_15 values less than ( to_date ( '2016-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_16 values less than ( to_date ( '2017-01-01' , 'YYYY-MM-DD' )) ,

partition sal_other values less than ( maxvalue )

) nologging ;

3. 创建一个唯一索引

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tb_pt_ind1

ON tb_pt ( sal_date ) nologging ;

4. 为分区表生成数据

SQL > INSERT INTO tb_pt

SELECT TRUNC ( SYSDATE )+ ROWNUM , dbms_random . random , ROWNUM

FROM dual

CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 5000 ;

SQL > commit ;

SQL > select count ( 1 ) from tb_pt partition ( sal_11 );

COUNT ( 1 )

----------

300

SQL > select count ( 1 ) from tb_pt partition ( sal_other );

COUNT ( 1 )

----------

2873

SQL > select * from tb_pt partition ( sal_12 ) where rownum < 3 ;

SAL_DATE SAL_ID SAL_ROW

--------- ---------- ----------

01 - JAN - 12 - 1.356E+09 301

02 - JAN - 12 - 761530183 302

三、使用 exp/imp 导出导入分区表数据

1. 导出整个分区表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.log' tables=tb_pt

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:18 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_11 300 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_12 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_13 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_14 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_15 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_OTHER 2873 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@node1 ~]$ oerr exp 00091

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause: Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

// usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

// the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

// character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

// clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

// subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

// processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

// set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

// export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

// supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

// and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

在上面的导出中出现了错误提示，即 EXP-00091 ，该错误表明 exp 工具所在的环境变量中的 NLS_LANG 与 DB 中的 NLS_CHARACTERSET 不一致

尽管该错误对最终的数据并无影响，但调整该参数来避免异常还是有必要的。因此需要将其设置为一致即可解决上述的错误提示。

SQL > select userenv ( 'language' ) from dual ;

USERENV ( 'LANGUAGE' )

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA . ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG = 'AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK'

经过上述设置之后再次导出正常，过程略。

2. 导出单个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' tables=tb_pt:sal_16

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:38 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings

在上面的导出过程中再次出现了统计信息错误的情况，因此采取了对该对象收集统计信息，但并不能解决该错误，但在 exp 命令行中增

加 statistics=none 即可，如下：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_16 statistics=none

如果要导出多个分区，则在 tables 参数中增加分区数。如： tables=(tb_pt:sal_15,tb_pt:sal_16)

3. 使用 imp 工具生成创建分区表的 DDL 语句

[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt indexfile='/u02/dmp/cr_tb_pt.sql' /

> file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:54:38 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

4. 导入单个分区 ( 使用先前备份的单个分区导入文件 )

SQL > alter table tb_pt truncate partition sal_16 ; -- 导入前先将分区实现 truncate

Table truncated .

SQL > select count ( 1 ) from tb_pt partition ( sal_16 );

COUNT ( 1 )

----------

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:55:39 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

IMP-00058: ORACLE error 1502 encountered

ORA-01502: index 'SCOTT.TB_PT_IND1' or partition of such index is in unusable state

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

收到了 ORA-01502 错误，下面查看索引的状态，并对其重建索引后再执行导入

SQL > select index_name , status from dba_indexes where table_name = 'TB_PT' ; -- 查看索引的状态

INDEX_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE

SQL > alter index TB_PT_IND1 rebuild online ; -- 重建索引

Index altered .

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y -- 再次导入成功

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:56:15 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL > select count (*) from tb_pt partition ( sal_16 );

COUNT (*)

----------

366

5. 导入整个表

SQL > truncate table tb_pt ; -- 首先 truncate 整个表

Table truncated .

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y indexes=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:57:10 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11" 298 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12" 366 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 2875 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL > select count ( 1 ) from tb_pt partition ( sal_other );

COUNT ( 1 )

----------

2875

四、使用 expdp / impdb 来实现分区表的导入导出

1. 查看导入导出的目录设置

SQL > select directory_name , directory_path from dba_directories where directory_name = 'DMP' ;

DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

DMP / u02 / dmp

2. 为分区表创建一个本地索引

create index tb_pt_local_idx

on tb_pt ( sal_id )

local

( partition local1 ,

partition local2 ,

partition local3 ,

partition local4 ,

partition local5 ,

partition local6 ,

partition local7 )

;

3. 导出整个表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:04:28 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=

tb_pt parallel=3

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 512 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11" 12.54 KB 298 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12" 14.22 KB 366 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15" 14.19 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:04:51

4. 导出多个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log /

> tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:08:06 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log

tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2 --*/

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u02/dmp/tb_pts.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:08:17

5. 截断分区 sal_other

SQL > alter table tb_pt truncate partition ( sal_other );

Table truncated .

SQL > select count (*) from tb_pt partition ( sal_other );

COUNT (*)

----------

SQL > select index_name , status , partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name = 'TB_PT' ; -- 查看索引的状态 , TB_PT_IND1 不可用

INDEX_NAME STATUS PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX N / A YES

SQL > select index_name , partition_name , status from dba_ind_partitions where index_owner = 'SCOTT' ;

INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL1 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL2 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL3 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL4 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL5 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL6 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL7 USABLE

6. 导入单个分区

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:13:28 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log

tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:13:33

SQL > select index_name , status , partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name = 'TB_PT' ;

INDEX_NAME STATUS PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1 VALID NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX N / A YES

从上面的导入情况可以看出，尽管执行了 truncate partition ，然而使用 impdp 导入工具，并且使用参数 table_exists_action=replace

可以避免使用 imp 导入时唯一和主键索引需要重建的问题。注意，如果没有使用 table_exists_action=replace 参数，将会收到 ORA-39151

错误，如下

ORA-39151: Table "SCOTT"."TB_PT" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to

table_exists_action of skip

7. 导入整个表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log /

> tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:17:35 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log

tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11" 12.54 KB 298 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12" 14.22 KB 366 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15" 14.19 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:17:40

五、参数 skip_unusable_indexes 的作用

SQL > show parameter skip

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

skip_unusable_indexes boolean TRUE

该参数允许在导入分区数据时延迟对索引的处理，即先将数据导入，导入后再来重建索引分区。

在命令行导入中未指定导入参数 skip_unusable_indexes 时，则对于索引相关的问题，根据数据库初始化参数的值来确定。

在命令行导入中如果指定了参数 skip_unusable_indexes 时，则该参数的值优先于数据库初始化参数的设定值。

skip_unusable_indexes=y 对 unique index 不起作用，因为此时的 unique index 扮演者 constraint 的作用，所以在 insert 数据时 index 必须被

更新。

对于单个分区导入时 PK ， unique index 的处理，必须先重建索引然后进行导入。

使用 impdp 数据泵实现导入并使用参数 table_exists_action=replace 可以解决上述问题，即 ORA-01502 错误。

六、更多参考

有关性能优化请参考

Oracle 硬解析与软解析

共享池的调整与优化(Shared pool Tuning)

Buffer cache 的调整与优化( 一)

Oracle 表缓存(caching table) 的使用

有关闪回特性请参考

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DATABASE)

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DROP & RECYCLEBIN)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Query 、Flashback Table)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Version 、Flashback Transaction)

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考：

Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理 ( 详细描述了介质恢复及其处理 )

有关 RMAN 的恢复与管理请参考：

有关 Oracle 体系结构请参考：

Oracle 实例和Oracle 数据库(Oracle 体系结构)

Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)

Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

Oracle 归档日志

导入导出 Oracle 分区表数据

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