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SQL server 2005 切换分区表
在日常工作中经常需要用到分区表切换的问题，笔者在此列出几种常见的分区表切换的问题，供参考。
一、分区表的切换无外乎以下三种形式：
1.将一个分区中的数据切换成单个表。
2.将表作为分区切换到已分区的表中。
3.将分区从一个已分区表切换到另一个已分区表。
二、切换分区表的主要手段：
ALTER TABLE Table_name SWITCH
[ PARTITION source_partition_number_expression ]
TO [ schema_name. ] target_table [ PARTITION target_ partition_number_expression ]
三、切换分区时的注意事项：
1.源表为已分区的表，必须创建所需的目标表，目标表可以为单个表(用于分区切换到单个表)，也可以为已分区的表(用于分区表之间的切换)。
2.源表和目标表必须位于同一文件组，具有相同的表结构，且它们的大型值列也必须存储于同一文件组,任何对应的索引或索引分区也必须位于同一文件组。
3.无论目标表是已分区表还是普通表，目标表必须为空。
4.对目标表定义了任何 CHECK 约束，则对源表也需要定义这些约束
传输分区时，能够实现数据的快速切换，因为它并没有物理上移动数据，只是更改了有关数据存储位置的元数据。故在执行 SWITCH 操作之前，从中移出该分区的表（源表）以及接收该分区的表（目标表）都必须存在于数据库中。
四、以下演示切换分区使用的数据库和表，使用SQL server 2005自带的数据库AdventureWorks中的Sales.SalesOrderHeader表来创建分区，考虑到该表太多的参照和约束关系，采取应用该表的数据来生成一张新表dbo.Orders，再将dbo.Orders转换为分区表，关于普通表转换为分区表请参照:实验三：
SQL server 2005基于已存在的表创建分区
。 */
USE AdventureWorks
GO
CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION Part_func_orders(DATETIME) AS
RANGE RIGHT
FOR VALUES('20020101 00:00:00.000',
'20030101 00:00:00.000',
'20040101 00:00:00.000');
GO
----------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILEGROUP [FG1];
GO
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILEGROUP [FG2];
GO
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILEGROUP [FG3];
GO
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILE
(NAME = FG1_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG1_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)
TO FILEGROUP [FG1];
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILE
(NAME = FG2_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG2_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)
TO FILEGROUP [FG2];
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks
ADD FILE
(NAME = FG3_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG3_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)
TO FILEGROUP [FG3];
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME Part_func_orders_scheme
AS PARTITION Part_func_orders
TO ([FG1],[FG2],[FG3],[Primary]);
GO
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Orders') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders
(
SalesOrderID INT NOT NULL,
SalesPersonID INT ,
CustomerID INT NOT NULL,
SalesOrderNumber NVARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
Orderdate DATETIME NOT NULL,
Shipdate DATETIME
)ON Part_func_orders_scheme(Orderdate);
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(SalesOrderID,Customerid,Orderdate),
CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID FOREIGN KEY(CustomerID) REFERENCES Sales.Customer(Customerid),
CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID FOREIGN KEY(SalesPersonID) REFERENCES Sales.SalesPerson(SalesPersonID);
GO
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate ON dbo.Orders(Orderdate);
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT INTO dbo.Orders
SELECT SalesOrderID,SalesPersonID,CustomerID,SalesOrderNumber,Orderdate,Shipdate
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
-------------------------------------------------------------------
--查看各分区所包含的记录数
SELECT $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate) as partition_num,
MIN(orderdate) AS start_time,Max(orderdate) AS end_time,count(*) as count_num
FROM dbo.Orders
GROUP BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate)
ORDER BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate);
GO
--四、以下实现对分区的切换操作。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--将一个分区中的数据切换成单个表
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE [AdventureWorks]
GO
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[Orders_2004] Script Date: 11/10/2009 13:55:07 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.orders_2004') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.orders_2004;
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004](
[SalesOrderID] [int] NOT NULL,
[SalesPersonID] [int] NULL,
[CustomerID] [int] NOT NULL,
[SalesOrderNumber] [nvarchar](25) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,
[Orderdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[Shipdate] [datetime] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Orders_2004] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED
(
[SalesOrderID] ASC,
[CustomerID] ASC,
[Orderdate] ASC
)WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF)
);
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID_2004] FOREIGN KEY([CustomerID])
REFERENCES [Sales].[Customer] ([CustomerID]);
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID_2004] FOREIGN KEY([SalesPersonID])
REFERENCES [Sales].[SalesPerson] ([SalesPersonID]);
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate_2004 ON dbo.Orders_2004(Orderdate ASC);--创建与源表相同的索引键，否则报错
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 4 TO dbo.Orders_2004; --切换分区到表
GO
SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders_2004 --查看刚刚切换过来的数据
SELECT * FROM dbo.orders WHERE $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate) = 4 --4号分区中已经没有数据了
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--将表作为分区切换到已分区的表中
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_2004 --目标表定义了边界条件，需增加Check 约束
ADD CONSTRAINT CK_Orderdate
CHECK (Orderdate >= '20040101' AND Orderdate < '20050101');
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_2004 SWITCH TO dbo.Orders PARTITION 4;
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--将分区从一个已分区表切换到另一个已分区表
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE AdventureWorks
GO
CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION Part_func_orders_Archive(DATETIME) AS
RANGE RIGHT
FOR VALUES('20020101 00:00:00.000',
'20030101 00:00:00.000',
'20040101 00:00:00.000');
GO
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME Part_func_orders_Scehme_Archive
AS PARTITION Part_func_orders_Archive
TO ([FG1],[FG2],[FG3],[Primary]);
GO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Orders_Archive') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive
(
SalesOrderID INT NOT NULL,
SalesPersonID INT ,
CustomerID INT NOT NULL,
SalesOrderNumber NVARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
Orderdate DATETIME NOT NULL,
Shipdate DATETIME
)ON Part_func_orders_Scehme_Archive(Orderdate);
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders_Archive PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(SalesOrderID,Customerid,Orderdate),
CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID_Archive FOREIGN KEY(CustomerID) REFERENCES Sales.Customer(Customerid),
CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID_Archive FOREIGN KEY(SalesPersonID) REFERENCES Sales.SalesPerson(SalesPersonID);
GO
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate_Archive ON dbo.Orders_Archive(Orderdate);
GO
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 1 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 1;
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 2 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 2;
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 4 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 4;
GO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--查看切换后的结果
SELECT $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate) AS Partition_num,
MIN(Orderdate),MAX(Orderdate),COUNT(*)
FROM dbo.Orders_Archive
GROUP BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate)
ORDER BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate);
--更多，请参阅：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms345146(SQL.90).aspx
