--******************
-- ORA-01658 错误
--******************
最近重新装个了 Oracle 11g ，在对分区表导入导出时碰到了 ORA - 01658 错误的问题，因为刚刚才装的新系统，一导出就碰到了下面的问题，
自己可是纳闷了半天，后来才发现是因为磁盘空间不够引发的。本人的这个 Oracle 11g 安装在 rhel 5.5 之上，当时的分区时总共分了 16G ， 8G 用
来安装操作系统， 8G 用来安装 Oracle 数据库。具体错误请看下文。
1. 导出数据时产生 ORA - 01658 错误
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 13 18:05:37 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORA-31626: job does not exist
ORA-31637: cannot create job SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 for user SCOTT
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPV$FT_INT", line 798
ORA-39244: Event to disable dropping null bit image header during relational select
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPC$QUE_INT", line 1825
ORA-02320: failure in creating storage table for nested table column TREAT("USER_DATA" AS "KUPC$_BAD_FILE")."ERROR"
ORA-01658: unable to create INITIAL extent for segment in tablespace SYSTEM
2. 根据错误号定位问题
SQL > ho oerr ora 31637 -- ORA-31637 不能创建作业
31637, 00000, "cannot create job %s for user %s"
// *Cause: Unable to create or restart a job. Refer to any following or
// prior error messages for clarification.
// *Action: Eliminate the problems indicated.
SQL> ho oerr ora 01658
01658, 00000, "unable to create INITIAL extent for segment in tablespace %s"
// *Cause: Failed to find sufficient contiguous space to allocate INITIAL
// extent for segment being created.
// *Action: Use ALTER TABLESPACE ADD DATAFILE to add additional space to the
// tablespace or retry with a smaller value for INITIAL
从上面的错误描述来看，是因为空间不够不能够创建段，需要添加数据文件或为区间设置更细粒度值，因是新装的系统没有做个任何调整，
所以 extent 应该是没有问题的，查看一下系统空间的使用情况
SQL> ho df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 5944440 3088836 2548764 55% /
/dev/sdb1 8123168 7701056 2820 100% /u02
/dev/sda1 155543 11436 136077 8% /boot
tmpfs 517552 245624 271928 48% /dev/shm
结果是大吃一惊，原来安装 Oracle 的 u02 挂载点空间使用率达到 100 %
3. 解决空间问题，不再出现 ORA - 01658 错误
SQL> ho ls /u02
database dmp lost+found oracle oraInventory
SQL> ho mv /u02/database /
mv: cannot create directory `/database': Permission denied
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ su - root
Password :
[root@ora11g ~]# mv /u02/database / -- 将 Oracle 原始安装文件转移到 / 分区
[root@ora11g ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 5944440 5440008 197592 97% /
/dev/sdb1 8123168 5349900 2353976 70% /u02
/dev/sda1 155543 11436 136077 8% /boot
tmpfs 517552 245624 271928 48% /dev/shm
再次导入正常
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Mar 13 18:34:51 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 512 KB
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.73 KB 2880 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11" 12.45 KB 293 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12" 14.23 KB 366 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13" 14.21 KB 365 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14" 14.20 KB 365 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15" 14.21 KB 365 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.22 KB 366 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 18:35:59
4. 更多参考
有关性能优化请参考
有关闪回特性请参考
Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DATABASE)
Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DROP & RECYCLEBIN)
Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Query 、Flashback Table)
Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Version 、Flashback Transaction)
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考：
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理 ( 详细描述了介质恢复及其处理 )
有关 RMAN 的恢复与管理请参考：
有关 Oracle 体系结构请参考：
Oracle 实例和Oracle 数据库(Oracle 体系结构)
Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)
