创建物理备库
| 机器名 | a1 | a2 |
| IP: | 192.168.1.10 | 192.168.1.20 |
| Net_Name | a1 | a2 |
| SID | a1 | a2 |
| DB_UNIQUE_NAME | a1 | a2 |
注：主节点上创建数据库a1,备节点上只安装oracle软件不创建任何数据库;
1.配置listener.ora
主节点listener.ora：
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=a1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=a1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.10)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))
)
备节点listener.ora:
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=a1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=a1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.20)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))
)
2.配置tnsnames.ora(主备节点的tnsname.ora内容一样：)
a1=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = a1)
)
)
a2=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.20)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = a2)
)
)
3.在主库启用归档并且启用强制归档
步骤1：alter database force logging;
archive log list;
步骤2：在mount状态下
alter database archivelog;
步骤3：alter database open;
archive log list;
4.在主库上创建密码文件
orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwa1.ora' password=xyc entries=10
5.创建standby redo log
alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo04a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo04b.log') size 50m,
group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo05a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo05b.log') size 50m,
group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo06a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo06b.log') size 50m,
group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo07a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby_redo07b.log') size 50m;
注意：
Oracle 建议你在创建 standby 时就考虑 standby redolog 配置的问题。standby redologs 与 online redologs
非常类似，应该说两者只是服务对象不同，其它参数属性甚至操作的命令格式几乎都一样，你在设计 standby
redologs 的时候完全可以借鉴创建 online redologs 的思路，比如多个文件组啦，每组多个文件冗余之类的。
除些之外呢，oracle 提供了一些标准的建议如下：
� 确保 standby redo log 的文件大小与 primary 数据库 online redo log 文件大小相同。
这个很好理解的吧，就是为了接收和应用方便嘛。
� 创建适当的日志组
一般而言， standby redo 日志文件组数要比 primary 数据库的 online redo 日志文件组数至少多一个。
推荐 standby redo 日志组数量基于 primary 数据库的线程数(这里的线程数可以理解为 rac 结构中的 rac
节点数)。
有一个推荐的公式可以做参考：(每线程的日志组数+1)*最大线程数
例如 primary 数据库有两个线程，每个线程分配两组日志，则 standby 日志组数建议为 6 组，使用
这个公式可以降低 primary 数据库实例 LGWR 进程锁住的可能性。
提示：逻辑 standby 数据库有可能需要视工作量增加更多的 standby redo log 文件(或增加归档进程)，
因为逻辑 standby 需要同时写 online redo log 文件。
6.在主库创建pfile，然后修改：
create pfile from spfile;
修改pfile
主库：
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='a1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(a1,a2)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/archive1/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a1'
log_archive_dest_2='service=a2 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
fal_server=a2
fal_client=a1
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
备库：
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='a2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(a1,a2)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/archive1/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a2'
log_archive_dest_2='service=a1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
fal_server=a1
fal_client=a2
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
7.创建standby数据控制文件
alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/standby.ctl';
8 8.
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inita1.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
99
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 335546320 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4288512 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
9.拷贝数据文件，standby controlfile，密码文件，参数文件，至a2服务器上相关位置
10.，修改参数文件和修改standby controlfile名字做备库控制文件
a1.__db_cache_size=75497472
a1.__java_pool_size=16777216
a1.__large_pool_size=4194304
a1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
a1.__pga_aggregate_target=150994944
a1.__sga_target=268435456
a1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
a1.__shared_pool_size=155189248
a1.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/a1/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='a1'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=a1XDB)'
*.memory_target=419430400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='a2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(a1,a2)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/archive1/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a2'
log_archive_dest_2='service=a1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=a1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
fal_server=a1
fal_client=a2
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/a1'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
[oracle@a2 a1]$ cp standby.ctl control01.ctl
[oracle@a2 a1]$ cp standby.ctl control02.ctl
[oracle@a2 a1]$ cp standby.ctl control03.ctl
11.确定监听，tns正常后，启动备库到mount状态
startup mount
12.
备库上执行以下命令使备库自动应用已归档的日志
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
13.
验证：
.在主备库上看当前已归档日志
SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
如果主库的归档日志已传送到备机，并被备库成功就用，表示DATAGUARD已配置成功.
