--==========================
-- RMAN catalog 的创建和使用
--==========================
一、创建恢复目录
创建恢复目录一般分为三大步骤
创建存放恢复目录的数据库 ( 或使用已存在的数据库 )
创建恢复目录的的所有者
创建恢复目录
创建数据库可以参考： Oralce 10g 使 用DBCA 创 建 数 据 库
在存储恢复目录的数据库创建表空间用于存储恢复目录 schema 及恢复目录数据 ( 本文使用已经创建好的数据库 catadb 来存储恢复目录 )
SQL > create tablespace tbs_rman datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/catadb/tbs_rman01.dbf' -- 创建 rman 恢复目录表空间
2 size 200m autoextend on ;
SQL > create user rman identified by rman -- 创建 rman schema
2 temporary tablespace temp
3 default tablespace tbs_rman
4 quota unlimited on tbs_rman ;
SQL > grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman ; -- 角色授予
SQL > conn rman / rman
SQL > select * from session_privs ;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
ALTER SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE CLUSTER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE VIEW
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE
SQL > select * from session_roles ;
ROLE
------------------------------
RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER
RMAN > connect catalog rman / rman@catadb -- 连接到恢复目录
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN > create catalog tablespace tbs_rman ; -- 创建恢复目录
recovery catalog created
[oracle@oradb ~]$ rman target sys / redhat@orcl catalog rman / rman@catadb -- 连接到目标数据库及恢复目录
connected to target database : ORCL ( DBID = 1260850162 )
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN > register database ; -- 将目标数据库注册到恢复目录
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
二、基于恢复目录的备份
1. 查看相关信息
RMAN > list incarnation ;
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 8 ORCL 1260850162 PARENT 1 30 - JUN - 05
1 2 ORCL 1260850162 CURRENT 446075 22 - OCT - 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN > crosscheck copy ; -- 校验 copy
RMAN > delete expired copy ; -- 删除过期的 copy
2. 全备
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as compressed backupset
4 > database plus archivelog delete input
5 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Whole_%d_%U'
6 > tag = 'Whole_bak' ;
7 > release channel ch1 ;}
3. 增量备份 ( 0 级 )
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > allocate channel ch2 device type disk ;
4 > backup as compressed backupset
5 > incremental level 0
6 > database plus archivelog delete input
7 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_0_%d_%U'
8 > tag = 'Inc_0' ;
9 > release channel ch1 ;
10 > release channel ch2 ;}
RMAN > list backup summary ;
4. 增量备份 ( 1 级 )
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > allocate channel ch2 device type disk ;
4 > backup as compressed backupset
5 > incremental level 1 database
6 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Inc_1_%d_%U'
7 > tag = 'Inc_1' ;
8 > release channel ch1 ;
9 > release channel ch2 ;}
RMAN > list backup by file ;
5. 累计增量备份 ( 1 级 )
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as compressed backupset
4 > incremental level 1 cumulative database
5 > format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/Cum_1_%d_%U'
6 > tag = 'Cum_1' ;
7 > release channel ch1 ;}
6. 备份表空间
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as compressed backupset
4 > tablespace users , example
5 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/tbs_%d_%U'
6 > tag = 'tbs' ;
RMAN > list backupset tag = tbs ;
7. 备份数据文件
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as compressed backupset
4 > datafile 3
5 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'
6 > tag = 'df' ;
7 > release channel ch1 ;}
8. 备份归档日志
备份归档日志前，建议先使用 crosscheck 校验一下
crosscheck 通常用于检查备份是否被删除，如果删除将会打上删除标签
RMAN > crosscheck archivelog all;
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/arch/log_1_117_733069427.arc recid=111 stamp=733171369
Crosschecked 1 objects
RMAN > sql 'alter system switch logfile' ;
sql statement : alter system switch logfile
RMAN > sql 'alter system switch logfile' ;
sql statement : alter system switch logfile
RMAN > list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time Name
------- ---- ------- - --------- ----
465 1 117 A 22 - OCT - 10 / u01 / app / oracle / oradata / orcl / arch / log_1_117_733069427 . arc
553 1 118 A 23 - OCT - 10 / u01 / app / oracle / oradata / orcl / arch / log_1_118_733069427 . arc
569 1 119 A 23 - OCT - 10 / u01 / app / oracle / oradata / orcl / arch / log_1_119_733069427 . arc
9. 基于 SCN 来备份归档日志
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as compressed backupset
4 > archivelog from scn 848043
5 > format = '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/arc_%d_%U'
6 > tag = 'arc' ;
7 > release channel ch1 ;
8 > }
10. 镜像备份
RMAN > run{
2 > allocate channel ch1 device type disk ;
3 > backup as copy datafile 1 , 4
4 > format '/u01/app/oracle/bk/rmbk/df_%d_%U'
5 > tag 'copybak' ;
6 > release channel ch1 ;}
11. 其它
RMAN > crosscheck backupset ;
RMAN > change backupset 1
RMAN > validate backupset
RMAN > validate backupset 635 ;
12. 基于 catalog 的数据库恢复请参考：基于 catalog 的 RMAN 备份与恢复
三、更多参考
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考：
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理 ( 详细描述了介质恢复及其处理 )
有关 RMAN 的恢复与管理请参考：
RMAN 还原与恢复
有关 Oracle 体系结构请参考：
Oracle 实例和Oracle 数据库(Oracle 体系结构)
Oracle 联机重做日志文件(ONLINE LOG FILE)
